Table 4 Results of the two-step efficient generalized method of moments estimator clustered for countries (data source: GESIS [22], own calculations)

2.8735

2.4994

2.3441

2.1183

2.1603

2.1619

2.4518

(18.07)^a

(15.74)^a

(22.15)^a

(19.28)^a

(22.58)^a

(12.90)^a

(12.16)^a

0.1787

0.1283

0.1379

0.1741

0.1820

0.2612

0.1879

(7.57)^a

(4.18)^a

(5.36)^a

(5.53)^a

(8.05)^a

(8.12)^a

(3.87)^a

Socioeconomics

0.00000102

0.00000123

0.00000084

0.00000058

0.00000174

0.00000050

0.00000170

(2.75)^a

(2.23)^b

(1.26)

(2.18)^b

(2.97)^a

(0.42)

(1.08)

−0.0294

(−7.65)^a

0.0003

(8.64)^a

−0.0020

−0.0351

−0.0098

−0.0043

0.0138

0.0258

−0.0087

(−0.12)

(−0.93)

(−0.42)

(−0.18)

(0.74)

(0.86)

(−0.17)

0.0147

0.0451

0.0105

0.0321

0.0013

0.0046

0.0118

(2.30)^b

(3.00)^a

(1.13)

(3.27)^a

(0.14)

(0.27)

(0.48)

0.0050

0.0018

0.0141

0.0025

−0.0040

0.0036

0.0121

(1.43)

(0.15)

(2.84)^a

(0.49)

(−1.00)

(0.69)

(2.01)^b

0.0618

0.0986

0.0345

0.2433

0.0100

(0.84)

(1.06)

(0.51)

(1.33)

(0.07)

Dropped

Dropped

Marital status

0.1996

0.1573

0.1896

0.2272

0.2727

0.0317

−0.0695

(5.87)^a

(3.31)^a

(5.89)^a

(8.30)^a

(5.90)^a

(0.25)

(−0.77)

−0.1523

−0.2277

−0.1225

−0.1874

−0.0765

−0.2351

−0.3474

(−3.18)^a

(−1.96)^b

(−1.00)

(−2.14)^b

(−1.10)

(−1.74)^c

(−5.30)^a

−0.0342

−0.3637

−0.0883

−0.0316

0.0583

−0.1809

−0.3052

(−0.72)

(−4.19)^a

(−1.28)

(−0.99)

(1.21)

(−1.20)

(−2.48)^a

0.0340

0.0469

0.0026

−0.0310

0.0765

0.1534

−0.2057

(0.79)

(0.12)

(0.02)

(−0.67)

(1.25)

(1.21)

(−2.35)^b

Employment status

0.1126

0.1235

0.0832

0.1237

0.1206

0.1137

0.2392

(5.22)^a

(2.40)^b

(2.46)^a

(2.46)^a

(5.01)^a

(1.70)^c

(2.53)^a

0.1089

0.1521

0.0067

0.1611

0.1359

0.0300

0.0254

(5.16)^a

(2.32)^b

(0.15)

(3.69)^a

(4.32)^a

(0.58)

(0.30)

19.036

1.641

3.326

4.032

5.605

2.710

1.722

0.66

0.6483

0.6158

0.6252

0.6656

0.7077

0.742

1,889.098

238.801

392.03

498.501

516.177

206.925

128.875

0.418

0.431

0.033

0.503

0.755

0.705

0.145