Table 2 Study characteristics of the included articles
Participants | Intervention group | Control group | Results | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Author (year, country) | Study groups: N | Agea | Sex (m/f) | Type | Follow-upb | Typec | Settingd (supervision)e | Durationb (frequency)b | Intensityb,f | Typeb | Settingd (supervision)e | Durationb (frequency)b | Intensityb,f | Joint & muscle functiong | Functional performanceg | Participationg |
Anneli (2017, Finland) [32] | IG: 53 CG: 55 | IG: 69 ± 8 CG: 69 ± 9 | IG: 23/30 CG: 19/36 | TKA | 14 m | F + S | HB; LB (P) | 12 m (0-3w: 1x/d; 3w-12 m: 3x/w) | 0w-3w: 10–15 reps; 3w-12 m: 15 reps | F + S | H; LB (N) | NR (1-2x/d) | 10–15 reps | = /↑ | = /↑ | = |
Bade (2017, US) [33] | IG 84 CG: 78 | IG: 63 ± 8 CG: 64 ± 7 | IG: 39/45 CG: 34/44 | TKA | 12 m | F + S | O/HB; LB (P) | 11w (0-6w: 3x/w; 7-12w: 2x/w) | 2 × 8 reps, 45 min | F + S | O/H; LB (P) | 11w (0-6w: 3x/w; 7-12w: 2x/w) | 45 min, 2 × 10 reps | = | = | = /↑ |
Baireddy (2020, India) [34] | IG: 20 CG: 20 | IG: 59.1 ± 5.6 CG: 58,1 ± 5.9 | NR | TKA | 6 m | F + S | O; LB (Y) | NR (NR) | NR | F | O; LB (Y) | NR (NR) | NR | NR | NR | NR |
Barker (2020, UK) [67] | IG: 309 CG: 312 | IG: 70.67 ± 8.01 CG: 70.18 ± 8.14 | IG: 125/184 CG: 125/187 | TKA + UKA | 12 m | F + S | HB; LB (Y) | NR (7 sessions) | S: 2–3 × 6–12 reps; B: 2–3 × 3 reps | F + S | O; LB (Y) | NR (1–6 sessions) | NR | NA | = /↑ | = |
Barker (2021, UK) [68] | IG: 309 CG: 312 | IG:70.67 ± 8.01 CG:70.18 ± 8.14 | IG: 125/184 CG: 125/187 | TKA + UKA | 12 m | F | HB; LB (P) | NR (NR) | NR | NR | NR (NR) | NR (NR) | NR | = /↓ | NA | = |
Bruun-Olsen (2013, Norway) [35] | IG: 29 CG: 28 | IG: 68 ± 8 CG: 69 ± 10 | IG: 11/18 CG: 14/14 | TKA | 9 m | F | O; LB (Y) | 6-8w (12 sessions) | 70 min | F + S | O; LB (Y) | 6-8w (2x/w) | 40 min | = | = /↑ | ↑ |
Chow (2010, China) [36] | IG1: 32 IG2: 35 CG: 33 | IG1: 67.10 ± 8.02 IG2: 69.95 ± 7.96 CG: 70.10 ± 6.45 | IG1: 7/23 IG2: 7/32 CG: 3/36 | TKA | 2w | F | I; LB (Y) | 2w (5x/w) | Stretch 20 s, rest 10 s | F | I; LB (Y) | 2w (5x/w) | Stretch 20 s, rest 10 s | = | NA | NA |
Codine (2004, France) [37] | IG: 30 CG: 30 | IG: 74.6 ± 13 CG: 71.1 ± 15 | IG: 14/16 CG: 9/21 | TKA | 40d | S | I; LB (NR) | 3w (5x/w) | 15 min | F + S | I; LB (NR) | NR | NR | = /↑ | = | NA |
Eisermann (2004, Austria) [38] | IG: 75 CG: 72 | IG: 70.2 CG:69.7 | IG: 23/45 CG: 14/54 | TKA | 6 m | F + S | I; LB (P) | 3-4w (3-5x/w) | 30 min | NR | I; LB (Y) | 3-4w (3-5x/w) | 30 min | = | = | NA |
Frost (2002, UK) | IG: 23 CG: 24 | IG: 71.5 ± 5.4 CG: 71.1 ± 5.6 | IG: 12/11 CG: 12/12 | TKA | 12 m | F | HB; LB (N) | NR (NR) | NR | F + S | H; LB (N) | NR | NR | = | = | = |
Han (2015, Australia) [40] | IG: 194 CG:196 | IG: 64.1 ± 6.5 CG:65.4 ± 6.0 | IG: 86/108 CG: 92/104 | TKA | 6w | F + S | HB; LB (N) | 6w (3x/d) | 10 reps | NR | O; LB (Y) | 6w (NR) | NR | = | = | = |
Hardt (2018, Germany) | IG: 33 CG: 27 | IG:63.3 ± 8 CG:67.6 ± 10.2 | IG: 15/18 CG: 11/16 | TKA | 7d | S | I; LB (N) | 7 ± 1d (3-5x/d) | 5 min | F | I; LB (Y) | 7 ± 1d (NR) | NR | = /↑ | = /↑ | = /↑ |
Hsu (2019, China) [42] | IG: 20 CG: 20 | IG:72.0 ± 1.8 CG: 69.5 ± 1.5 | NR | TKA | 36w | S | O; LB (Y) | 24w (3x/w) | 3 × 12 reps + 1-4w: 60% 1RM; 5-8w: 70% 1 RM; 9-24w: 12 m 80% 1RM | F + S | H; LB (N) | NR (NR) | NR | = | = | = /↑ |
Husby (2018, Norway) [43] | IG: 21 CG: 20 | IG: 61 CG: 63 | IG: 10/11 CG: 8/12 | TKA | 12 m | S | O/HB; LB (P) | 8w (3x/w) | 4 × 5 reps,with load 80–90% of 1 RM, 30 min | NR | O/H; LB (P) | 8d-10w (NR) | NR | = /↑ | ↑ | = |
Jacksteit (2021, Germany) [44] | IG_uni:22 IG_bi:22 CG: 22 | IG_uni:67.36 ± 9.61 IG_bi:68.55 ± 8.94 CG: 68.45 ± 9.07 | IG_uni: 9/13 IG_bi: 8/14 CG: 8/14 | TKA | 3 m | F + S | I; LB (Y) | 8d (IG_uni: 3x/d; IG_bi: 3x/d affected + 1x/d healthy) | 30 min | F | I; LB (Y) | 8d (3x/d) | 30 min | = | = | = /↑ |
Jørgensen (2017, Denmark) [66] | IG: 31 CG: 24 | IG: 64.8 ± 8.3 CG: 64.4 ± 8.7 | IG:16/15 CG:10/14 | UKA | 12 m | S | O/HB; LB (P) | 8w (2x/w + 5x/w) | 2–4 × 8-12RM | F | H;LB (P) | 8w (3x/w) | 10 reps | = | = | NR |
Karaman (2017, Turkey) [45] | IG: 23 CG: 23 | IG: 67.6 ± 7.0 CG: 70.1 ± 6.9 | NR | TKA | 6w | S | HB; LB (Y) | 6w (NR) | NR | S | I/H; LB (Y) | 6w (NR) | Isometric: 10 reps/h; isotonic: 3 × pd 5 reps | NA | ↑ | ↑ |
Lenguerrand (2020, UK) [46] | IG: 89 CG: 91 | IG: 69 ± 9 CG: 69 ± 9 | IG: 39/50 CG: 42/49 | TKA | 12 m | S | O; LB (Y) | 6w (1x/w) | 1 h | F | O/H; LB (Y) | 6w (NR) | NR | = /↑ | NA | NA |
Lenssen (2006, Netherlands) [47] | IG: 21 CG: 22 | IG: 70 ± 8.5 CG: 67 ± 7 | IG: 6/15 CG: 5/17 | TKA | 3 m | F + S | I; LB (Y) | 4d (2x/d) | 20 min | F + S | I; LB (Y) | 4d (1x/d) | 20 min | = | = | = |
Li (2019, China) [52] | IG: 54 CG: 53 | IG: 69.6 ± 4.3 CG: 68.5 ± 3.5 | IG:26/28 CG:24/29 | TKA | 14w | S | HB; LB (P) | 12w (5 × pw) | 45 min | S | LB (NR) | 12w (5x/w) | 45 min | = | ↑ | = /↑ |
Liao (2013, Taiwan) [50] | IG: 65 CG: 65 | IG: 71.38 ± 6.57 CG: 72.94 ± 7.33 | IG: 18/37 CG: 12/46 | TKA | 8w | F + B | O; LB (P) | 8w (NR) | 60 min | F | O; LB (P) | 8w (NR) | 90 min | NA | ↑ | ↑ |
Liao (2015, Taiwan) | IG: 65 CG: 65 | IG:71.43 ± 6.33 CG: 73.40 ± 7.04 | IG: 16/49 CG: 23/42 | TKA | 32w | B | LB (P) | 8w (3x/w) | NR | F | I; LB (Y) | 8w (3x/w) | NR | NA | ↑ | ↑ |
Liao, Chiu (2020, Taiwan) [48] | IG: 20 CG: 20 | IG:72.22 ± 7.75 CG: 69.79 ± 6.72 | NR | TKA | 16w | S | HB; LB (P) | 3 m (2x/w) | 3 × 10–20 reps, 55 min | F | O; LB (NR) | NR (NR) | NR | NR | ↑ | = |
Liao, Tsauo (2020, Taiwan) [51] | IG: 30 CG: 30 | IG: 72.22 ± 7.75 CG: 69.79 ± 6.72 | IG: 0/30 CG: 0/30 | TKA | 4 m | S | HB; LB (P) | 4 m (2x/w) | 3 × 10–20 reps, 60 min | F | O; LB (Y) | 4 m (2x/w) | 60 min | NA | = /↓/↑ | ↑ |
McAvoy (2009, UK) [53] | IG: 15 CG:15 | NR | IG:7/8 CG: 6/6 | TKA | 6 m | F + S | O; LB/WB (Y) | 6w (2x/w) | 60 min | F + S | O;LB (Y) | 6w (2x/w) | 60 min | = /↑ | NA | = |
Mockford (2008, UK) [54] | IG: 71 CG: 72 | IG: 69.4 CG: 70.9 | IG: 25/46 CG:30/42 | TKA | 12 m | F + S | O/HB; LB (Y) | NR (9 sessions) | NR | NR | H; LB(Y) | NR | NR | = | NA | = |
Moffet (2004, Canada) [55] | IG: 38 CG: 39 | IG: 66.7 ± 8.7 CG: 86.7 ± 8.3 | IG: 14/24 CG: 17/22 | TKA | 8 m | F + S + A | O/HB; LB (P) | 6-8w (12 sessions) | 60–90 min; 8–25 reps per modality | NR | H; LB (P) | 2-4 m (7–10 visits) | NR | NA | = /↑ | = /↑ |
Piva (2010, US) [56] | IG: 21 CG: 22 | IG: 67 ± 6 CG: 70 ± 10 | IG: 13/5 CG: 12/5 | TKA | 6 m | F + S + A | O/HB; LB (Y) | 6w (2x/w) | 10–20 reps | F + S + A | O/H; LB (Y) | 6w (2x/w) | 10–20 reps | NA | = | = |
Rahmann (2009, Australia) [57] | IG1: 24 IG2: 21 CG: 20 | IG1: 69.4 ± 6.5 IG2: 69.0 ± 8.9 CG: 70.4 ± 9.2 | IG1: 5/12 IG2: 10/11 CG: 7/12 | TKA | 180d | F + S | I; LB/WB (Y) | NR (1x/d) | 40 min, 10–30% WB | F + S | I; LB (Y) | NR (1x/d) | 40 min | NA | = /↑ | = |
Roig-Casasus (2018, Spain) [58] | IG: 19 CG: 24 | IG: 74.8 ± 4.0 CG: 72.1 ± 4.5 | IG: 5/12 CG: 7/13 | TKA | 10w | F + S | O;LB (Y) | 4w (5x/w) | 80 min | F + S | O; LB (Y) | 4w (5x/w) | 60 min | NA | = /↑ | NA |
Sano (2018, Japan) [59] | IG: 37 CG:38 | IG: 75.0 ± 6.4 CG:75.8 ± 5.8 | IG: 7/30 CG:8/30 | TKA | 3w | F + S | I; LB (Y) | 3w (5x/w) | 5 reps | F + S | I;LB (Y) | 3w (5x/w) | 5 reps | = | ↑ | = |
Schache (2019, Australia) [60] | IG: 54 CG: 51 | IG: 70 ± 7 CG: 69 ± 7 | IG: 15/39 CG: 21/30 | TKA | 26w | S | I; LB (Y) | 6w (5x/w) | 60 min | F | I; LB (Y) | 6w (5x/w) | 60 min | = | = | = /↑ |
Shabbir (2017, Pakistan) [61] | IG: 31 CG: 33 | IG: 60 ± 10 CG: 72.1 ± 6.3 | NR | TKA | 4w | F | HB; LB (Y) | NR (NR) | NR | S | O; LB (Y) | NR (1x/d, 5x/w) | NR | = | NA | = |
Teissier (2020, France) [62] | IG: 10 CG: 10 | IG + CG: (72.1 ± 6.3) | 8/12 | TKA | 4w | S | I; LB (Y) | 4w (10x/w, 2x/d) | 3–4 × 5–10 reps | F | O; LB (NR) | NR (NR) | 3–5 × 5–10 reps | = | ↑ | = |
Torpil (2022, Turkey) [63] | IG: 21 CG: 20 | IG: 55.10 ± 5.95 CG: 55.31 ± 5.45 | IG: 4/15 CG: 5/14 | TKA | 12d | F | HB; LB (Y) | 12d (1x/d) | 45 min | NR | NR (NR) | NR (NR) | NR | NA | NA | = |
Vuorenmaa (2014, Finland) [64] | IG: 53 CG: 55 | IG: 69 ± 8 CG: 69 ± 9 | IG: 30/23 CG: 36/19 | TKA | 12 m | F + S | HB; LB (P) | 12 m (3x/w) | 2–3 × 10–20 reps | NR | NR (NR) | NR (NR) | NR | = /↑ | = /↑ | = |
Warner (2020, Pakistan) [65] | IG: 22 CG: 22 | IG + CG: 62.93 ± 9.146 | 15/29 | TKA | 6w | S | I; LB (Y) | 6w (6x/w) | 10 × 2 reps | S | LB (Y) | 6w (NR) | NR | NA | ↑ | NA |