Table 4 Results of RoB 2.0 tool for each included article
Study | Randomization process | Deviations from the intended process | Missing outcome data | Measurement of the outcome | Selection of reported result | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anneli (2017) [32] | Low | High | Low | Low | Low | High |
Bade (2017) [33] | Low | Some concerns | Low | Low | Low | Some concerns |
Baireddy (2020) [34] | High | Some concerns | Low | Low | Low | Some concerns |
Barker (2020) [67] | Low | High | Low | Low | Low | High |
Barker (2021) [68] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Bruun-Olsen (2013) [35] | Low | High | Low | Low | Low | High |
Chow (2010) [36] | Low | Some concerns | Low | Some concerns | Low | High |
Codine (2004) [37] | Low | High | Some concerns | Some concerns | Some concerns | High |
Eisermann (2004) [38] | Some concerns | Some concerns | Low | High | Low | High |
Frost (2002) [39] | Low | Some concerns | Low | Low | Low | Some concerns |
Han (2015) [40] | Low | Some concerns | Low | Low | Low | Some concerns |
Hardt (2018) [41] | Low | Low | Some concerns | Low | Low | Some concerns |
Hsu (2019) [42] | High | High | High | High | Low | High |
Husby (2018) [43] | Low | Some concerns | Low | Some concerns | Low | High |
Jacksteit (2021) [44] | Low | Low | Low | Some concerns | Low | Some concerns |
Jørgensen (2017) [66] | Low | Some concerns | Some concerns | Low | Low | High |
Karaman (2017) [45] | Low | Some concerns | Low | Low | Low | Some concerns |
Lenguerrand (2020) [46] | Low | Some concerns | Low | High | Low | High |
Lenssen (2006) [47] | Low | Some concerns | Low | Low | Low | Some concerns |
Liao (2013) [50] | Low | Some concerns | Low | Low | Low | Some concerns |
Liao (2015) [49] | Low | Some concerns | Low | Low | Low | Some concerns |
Liao, Chiu (2020) [48] | Low | Some concerns | Low | Some concerns | Some concerns | High |
Liao, Tsauo (2020) [51] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Li (2019) [52] | Low | Some concerns | Low | Some concerns | Low | High |
McAvoy (2009) [53] | High | Some concerns | Some concerns | Low | Low | High |
Mockford (2008) [54] | Low | Some concerns | Low | High | Low | High |
Moffet (2004) [55] | Low | Low | Low | Some concerns | Low | Some concerns |
Piva (2010) [56] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Rahmann (2009) [57] | Low | Some concerns | Low | Low | Low | Some concerns |
Roig-Casasus (2018) [58] | Low | Some concerns | Low | Low | Low | Some concerns |
Sano (2018) [59] | Low | Some concerns | Low | Some concerns | Low | High |
Schache (2019) [60] | Low | Some concerns | Low | Low | Low | Some concerns |
Shabbir (2017) [61] | Low | Low | Low | Low | High | High |
Teissier (2020) [62] | Some concerns | Low | Low | Some concerns | High | High |
Torpil (2022) [63] | High | Some concerns | Low | High | Low | High |
Vuorenmaa (2014) [64] | Low | Some concerns | Low | Low | Low | Some concerns |
Warner (2020) [65] | Low | Low | High | Some concerns | High | High |
Total low (%) | 31 (84%) | 9 (24%) | 31 (84%) | 22 (59%) | 32 (86%) | 3 (8%) |