Resistance training's impact on blood biomarkers and cognitive function in older adults with low and high risk of mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial

Table 4 Two-way ANCOVA for blood biomarker and ANAM test results

	Group		Cognitive status		Group*Cognitive status
	p-value	_pη²	p-value	_pη²	p-value	_pη²
IGF-1	0.439	0.016	0.612	0.007	0.717	0.004
IL-6	0.089	0.078	0.401	0.020	0.476	0.014
KYN	0.372	0.021	0.015*	0.147	0.328	0.025
ANAM 2-choice reaction time	0.389	0.017	0.374	0.018	0.272	0.027
ANAM Go/No-Go	0.674	0.004	0.285	0.026	0.010*	0.141
ANAM Memory search	0.610	0.006	0.925	0.000	0.089	0.064
ANAM Mathematical Processing	0.175	0.041	0.736	0.003	0.752	0.002

The dependent variables are presented in the first row. p-values and effect sizes (partial eta squared) are given for the group effect, the cognitive status effect and their interaction (Group*Cognitive status). Significant p-values are marked *. The ANCOVA was adjusted for the dependent variable’s baseline value and for age. The general linear model for IL-6 and KYN were additionally adjusted for fat%. Of note, pre-intervention KYN, post-intervention IGF-1, post-intervention IL-6, pre-intervention ANAM mathematical processing, post-intervention ANAM memory search and post-intervention ANAM mathematical processing were log-transformed due to a non-normal distribution, and in pre-intervention IL-6 and post-intervention IL-6 and KYN an extreme outlier was removed before analysis
Abbreviations: ANAM Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics, IGF-1 Insulin-like growth factor-1, IL-6 Interleukin-6, KYN Kynurenine, MCI Mild cognitive impairment, _pη² Partial eta squared

ISSN: 1861-6909