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Table 4 Characteristics of nonrandomized controlled trials

From: Effects of Tai Chi exercises on self-efficacy and psychological health

Study Design Level and grade of recommendation Subjects Sample size and age Tai Chi style Women Dropout Psychological measures Statistical analysis Results
Baron et al. [26] Prospective case control 3C 3 Two boys and one girl, mean 13.3 years of age Yang style, 3 weeks, twice 60 min/week, posttest at 2 weeks 1 NI Conners scale, STAIC A-state, mood Descriptive analysis Reduction of hyperactivity for the female subject
Hernandez-Reif et al. [30] Case control 2+C 13 Hyperactive children, 14.5 ± 1.5 years of age Style NI, 5 weeks, twice 30 min/week, posttest a 2 weeks 2 NI Conners scale Student test Significant reduction in hyperactivity symptoms, anxiety, and behavioral improvements
Mills et al. [31] Case control 2−C 12 Patients with multiple sclerosis Style NI, 8 weeks of interventions, with six short time training session NI 4 POMS, multiple sclerosis symptoms list, OLS, ADL ANOVA, student test, Ki2 After 8 weeks, balance and autonomy level increased, whereas fatigue tended to reduce
Ross et al. [32] Quasi-experimental 2+C 17 Older adults from 68 to 92 years of age Style NI, 8 weeks, 60 min/week 15 4 MAACL-R, sit and reach test, balance and functionality measures Student test Tai Chi was found to reduce pain and improve balance and mood
Schaller [36] Quasi-experimental with allocation choose by patients 2+C 46 Healthy older adults TCC n = 24, con n = 22, 70 ± 5.9 years of age 20 Movements from Chih style, 10 weeks 60 min/week NI NI SF36, POMS, OLS, flexibility testing and blood pressure ANOVA, ANCOVA Tai Chi was found to improve up to 50% the OLS score. No benefits were found on quality of life
Wang et al. [17] Case control 2−C 30 Students, 24, 23 years of age 24 Movements from Yang style, twice 60 min/week 19 NI SF36, V2 Student test Significant improvement of vitality, emotional, and mental functions
  1. NI No information; POMS profile of mood states; STAIC state trait anxiety inventory for children; OLS one leg stance test; ADL activity of daily living; MAACL-R multiple affect adjective checklist revised; MOS SF36 and V2 quality of life questionnaire
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European Review of Aging and Physical Activity

ISSN: 1861-6909

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