Table 1 Characteristics of studies that examined the effects of exercise on serum cortisol levels in older people
From: Influence of chronic exercise on serum cortisol levels in older adults
References/n | Sample | Analysis cortisol | Intervention | Results | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
size | features | ||||
Kraemer et al. [30] n = 17 (young and older ♂) | YG (29.8 ± 5.3 y; n = 9) | Subjects healthy and independent | Radioimmunoassay. evaluation week: −3, 0, 3, 6, 10 | Periodized resistance training program (10 weeks; three sessions per week) | ↓ at 3 and 10 weeks for OG and differences between the YG and OG were observed post-training immediately post-exercise and 5 min of recovery. |
OG (62 ± 3.2 y; n = 8) | |||||
Häkkinen et al. [21] n = 42 (middle-aged and older people, ♂ and ♀) | W40 (39 ± 3 y; n = 11) | Subjects healthy and independent | Radioimmunoassay. evaluation week: 0 and 21 | WTP (6 months, two sessions per week) | No statistically significant changes in serum cortisol. |
W70 (67 ± 3 y; n = 10) | |||||
M40 (42 ± 2 y; n = 10) | |||||
M70 (72 ± 3 y; n = 11) | |||||
Häkkinen et al. [20] n = 10 (older ♀) | OGT (n = 10; 64 ± 6,3 y) | Subjects healthy and independent | Radioimmunoassay. Evaluation week: −4, 0, 7, 14, 21 | Cited in Häkkinen et al. [21] | No statistically significant changes in serum cortisol. |
Izquierdo et al. [24] n = 22 (middle-aged and older ♂) | MAG (n = 11; 46 ± 3 y) | Subjects healthy and independent. Did not use medicines for cardiovascular systems | Radioimmunoassay. evaluation week: −4, 0, 8, 16 | WTP: 16 weeks | ↓ Significant serum cortisol levels in older people (p < 0.05) during the last 8 weeks of training. |
OG (n = 11; 64 ± 2 y) | |||||
Häkkinen et al. [19]n = 31 (older ♂ and ♀) | WT 64,4 ± 3,5 y (n = 11) | Subjects healthy and independent | Enzyme immunoassay. Evaluation week: 0, 6, 12, 18, 24 | WTP: 6 months, cited in Häkkinen et al. [21] | ↓ Significant serum cortisol levels (p < 0.01) during weeks 0 and 18 for WTP. No significant differences before and after training. |
WC 65,2 ± 6,1 y (n = 5) | |||||
MT 65,4 ± 4,7 y (n = 10) | |||||
MC 63,8 ± 4,4 y (n = 5) | |||||
Izquierdo et al. [23] n = 22 (middle-aged and older people) | MAG (n = 11; 46 y; 35–60) | Subjects healthy and independent | Radioimmunoassay. Rest for 10–15 min before blood sampling. | 16 weeks of WTP, two sessions per week: first 8 weeks load: 50–70 % (RM):10–15 rep., 3–4 sets. Second 8 weeks: load 50–60 % and 60–70 % (RM). | ↓ Significant (p < 0.05) for older people in the last 8 weeks of training. Correlation between cortisol and maximum load on a cycle ergometer in older people. |
OG (n = 11; 64 y; 60–74) | |||||
Ibáñez et al. [22] n = 20 (older ♂) | CG (n = 11;64,8 ± 2,6 y) | Sedentary and diabetic older people | Radioimmunoassay. | WTP and potency, 16 weeks | No statistically significant changes in serum cortisol. |
GD2 (n = 9;66,6 ± 3,1 y) | |||||
Vale et al. [51] n = 35 (older ♀) | WT Group (n = 12; 66 ± 3,3 y) | Independent for ADL and not practicing chronic exercise program for at least 3 months prior to the study | Chemiluminescence | 12 weeks, three sessions per week; 50 min. WTP: 4 weeks (2 × 15 rep. 50 % 1-RM). 8 weeks (2 × 8–10 rep. 75–85 % 1-RM). AAE: Borg Scale: 4 weeks: 2 and 3 (low–moderate intensity). 8 weeks: 3 and 4 (moderate intensity) | No statistically significant changes in serum cortisol. |
AAE Group (n = 13; 68,6 ± 4,7 y) | |||||
CG (n = 10; 68,8 ± 5,4 y) | |||||