Table 2 Test results: pain at rest/during motion (numeric rating scale 0–10), torso strength (chair-rising test (in seconds)), mobility (timed up-and-go test (in seconds)), kyphosis angle (in degrees), lordosis angle (in degrees), and torso lean (in degrees)

4.1 ± 1.8

4.4 ± 1.8

0.474^a

3.1 ± 1.7

1.9 ± 1.4

0.011^a

3.0 ± 2.5

1.9 ± 2.0

0.112^a

4.3 ± 2.2

4.1 ± 2.3

0.820^a

3.3 ± 1.9

2.6 ± 1.8

0.174^a

3.5 ± 2.1

2.6 ± 1.8

0.147^a

11.0 ± 4.0

12.6 ± 3.3

0.149^a

10.8 ± 4.5

9.0 ± 1.8

0.096^a

10.2 ± 3.7

9.1 ± 2.7

0.254^a

8.3 ± 1.7

9.0 ± 1.9

0.214^a

8.2 ± 1.9

6.7 ± 1.4

0.005^a

8.3 ± 2.1

7.4 ± 1.9

0.191^a

53.6 ± 8.8

59.2 ± 8.7

0.042^a

51.9 ± 9.6

57.3 ± 8.7

0.054^a

52.6 ± 9.0

56.1 ± 9.3

0.222^a

41.2 ± 11.9

45.3 ± 8.6

0.192^a

41.1 ± 10.4

43.9 ± 8.0

0.331^a

40.7 ± 11.7

46.2 ± 11.2

0.128^a

4.8 ± 2.4

5.4 ± 4.1

0.595^a

4.9 ± 2.2

5.1 ± 3.2

0.884^a

4.7 ± 2.5

5.3 ± 3.4

0.536^a