Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the 250 patients enrolled in the study

Age (years ± SD)

73.3 ± 4.8

Female sex, n (%)

120 (48.0)

BMI (kg/m²)

27.5 ± 5.7

Waist circumference (cm)

103.7 ± 11.5

CABG, n (%)

194 (77.6)

Valve surgery, n (%)

80 (32.0)

Off-pump CABG, n (%)

152 (60.8)

Geriatric multidimensional evaluation

 MMSE (score)

23.3 ± 4.9

 GDS (score)

3.9 ±2.5

 Tinetti score

9.3 ± 4.3

 Visual impairment, n (%)

103 (41.2)

 Hearing impairment, n (%)

44 (17.6)

 Social support score

5.6 ± 2.6

 PASE

72.4 ± 45.0

 Barthel Index

74.0 ± 21.5

 6-min walking test

190.9 ± 95.5

Comorbidities

 CIRS severity score

1.8 ± 0.4

 CHF, n (%)

10 (4.0)

 CAD, n (%)

202 (80.8)

 Stroke, n (%)

30 (12.0)

 COPD, n (%)

106 (42.4)

 Diabetes, n (%)

142 (56.8)

 Renal failure, n (%)

34 (13.6)

Drug consumption

 Total drugs used

8.3 ± 2.2

 Diuretic, n (%)

223 (89.2)

 ASA, n (%)

178 (71.2)

 ACE inhibitors, n (%)

144 (57.6)

 Statins, n (%)

136 (54.4)

 Bisoprolol, n (%)

110 (44.0)

 Amiodaron, n (%)

73 (29.2)

 Carvedilol, n (%)

66 (26.4)

 Steroids, n (%)

66 (26.4)

 Metformin, n (%)

65 (26.0)

 Warfarin, n (%)

52 (20.8)

 Insulin, n (%)

51 (20.4)

 Nitrates, n (%)

51 (20.4)