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Table 3 Identification of references of physical consequences of falls and its physiological effects

From: Physical consequences of falls in the elderly: a literature review from 1995 to 2010

 

N (%)a

References

Fractures

 Hip fracture

37.9

[1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 11, 14, 16, 21, 24, 25, 30, 84, 33, 36, 40, 42, 47, 49, 53, 55, 57–59, 62, 64, 70–72, 80, 81, 86, 87]

 Undifferentiated bone fractures

27.5

[5, 13, 14, 21, 25, 33, 35, 37, 40, 43, 47, 58, 61, 63, 64, 70, 74, 75, 77, 78, 80–82, 86]

 Trochanteric femoral fractures

5.7

[33, 40, 57, 58, 74]

 Fractures in the trunk

4.5

[14, 33, 40, 47]

 Neck fractures

4.5

[14, 47, 57, 58]

 Fractures of the upper limbs

3.4

[14, 40, 47]

 Fracture of the humerus

2.2

[33, 40]

 Fractures in the chest

1.1

[82]

 Broken knee

1.1

[40]

Bruises

 Head bruises

10.3

[13, 14, 35, 53, 58, 62, 70, 77, 86]

 Bruises and abrasions

3.4

[35, 47, 75]

 Bruises with blood loss

1.1

[70]

Injuries

 Soft tissue injuries

6.8

[14, 33, 35, 43, 62, 86]

 Injuries in the upper extremities

5.7

[14, 40, 62, 64, 75]

 Traumatic brain injury

4.5

[14, 84, 70, 75]

 Injuries in wrists

4.5

[14, 33, 40, 47]

 Injuries in the lower extremities

3.4

[33, 62, 75]

 Injuries in the elbow

2.2

[14, 40]

Physiological effects

 Death or morbidity

21.8

[5, 9, 22, 25, 84, 33, 35, 47, 49, 51, 55, 60, 62–64, 66, 67, 71]

 Functional decline

20.6

[5, 13, 23, 25, 35, 40, 41, 49, 52, 53, 55, 64, 67, 70, 71, 76, 78, 81]

 Inactivity

14.9

[3, 6, 13, 35, 41, 47, 52, 53, 63, 67, 70, 77, 81]

 Functional dependency and loss of autonomy

13.7

[84, 33, 35, 41, 49, 52, 71, 76–78, 81, 86]

 Depression

10.3

[13, 84, 35, 53, 55, 63, 67, 70, 81]

 Loss of self-confidence

5.7

[25, 33, 35, 67, 76]

 Loss of self-efficacy

2.2

[41, 67]

Others

 Lacerations

8.0

[35, 47, 58, 62, 70, 75, 86]

 Dislocations

5.7

[14, 41, 70, 77, 81]

 Sprains

3.4

[14, 35, 70]

 Pains

2.2

[35, 70]

 Hematoma

1.1

[33]

  1. aThe percentages refer to a total of 87 publications
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European Review of Aging and Physical Activity

ISSN: 1861-6909

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