Table 4 Identification of references and percentage of incidence, for physical, environmental and behavioural interventions for prevention, minimization and rehabilitation of falls in the elderly

 Adjustment of medication

x

x

[8, 13, 17, 19, 25, 84, 33, 35, 39, 53, 55, 61, 63, 72, 81, 86]

 Protective coating systems can reduce hip fracture risk in the event of a fall.

x

[5, 7, 10, 11, 16, 17, 19, 25, 30, 35, 40, 42, 59, 62, 63]

 Use of nutrition programmes (calcium and vitamin D)

x

x

x

[4, 5, 17, 19, 25, 33, 35, 51, 53, 63]

 Mobility aids

x

x

x

[5, 17, 19, 24, 62]

 Increase and maintain bone mass and strength through exercise

x

x

[23, 25, 61, 81]

 Vision interventions (cataract surgery)

x

[17, 19, 35, 73]

 Use of appropriate footwear

x

x

[5, 17, 35, 48]

 Changes in the home and public environment to reduce the risk of falling

x

[1, 5, 17, 19, 28, 84, 35, 65, 71, 73]

 Removal of obstacles in the household

x

[28, 33, 55, 62]

 Increased physical activity and exercise

x

x

x

[2, 5, 6, 13, 14, 17, 19, 23, 25, 84, 33, 35, 51, 53, 55, 63, 66, 71, 73]

 Methods based on the rehabilitation gait training

x

[5, 17, 28, 33, 35, 44, 45, 53, 55, 62, 71, 79, 81]

 Evaluation and management of risk factors for multiple falls

x

[33, 39, 51, 56, 58, 60, 71, 74, 76]

 Evaluation of the people who have fallen or at risk of falling, to identify modifiable risk factors

x

x

[35, 39, 53, 60, 76]

 Strategies to modify risk behaviours of the patient falling

x

[17, 28, 39, 60, 76]

 Mechanisms that characterise the cognitive changes associated with ageing.

x

[39, 45, 63, 86]