Table 2 Summary of studies that analyze the effects of cycle ergometer training on metabolic outcomes

Lovell et al. (2010) [27]

75.2 ± 0.8

CET

50–70 % of VO_2max

30–45 min/session

3 sessions/week, 16 weeks

Training group:

↓ in body mass (from 78 ± 4.1 to 76 ± 4.2 kg).

↓ in % of body fat (from 29.2 ± 1 to 27.7 ± 1 %).

↔ in fat-free mass.

↔ in Control group.

Finucane et al. (2010) [37]

71.4

CET

50 to 70 % P_max

60 min/session

3 sessions/week, 12 weeks

Training group:

↓ in weight loss (77.2 ± 16.1 to 77.0 ± 16.2 kg).

↓ in BMI (27.4 ± 4.9 to 27.3 ± 4.8 kg/m²).

↓ in waist circumference (98.6 ± 14.2 to 97.8 ± 13.8 cm).

↓ in intrahepatic lipid (3.7 ± 1.8 to 2.4 ± 1.0 %).

↔ in fat-free mass.

↔ in Control group.

↓ in fasting glucose, oral glucose insulin sensitivity and HbA1c in both groups.

Harber et al. (2009) [40]

71.1

CET

60 % of P_max

20 to 40 min/session

3 sessions/week, 12 weeks

↓ in fat mass (from 27.6 ± 4.3 to 26.4 ± 4.1 kg).

↓ in % of body fat (from 40.7 ± 3.4 39.8 ± 3.5 %).

↑ in fat-free mass (from 39.2 ± 1.4 to 39.6 ± 1.4 kg).

↔ in body weight and BMI.

Coker et al. (2006) [33]

74 ± 1

CET

50 or 75 % of VO_2max

40 min/session

4 to 5 sessions/week, 12 weeks

↔ in body weight and in % of body in MI and HI groups.

↑ in ISGD (5.0 ± 0.6 to 6.4 ± 0.5 mg/kg FFM/min) in HI group.

↔ in MI group.

↑ in non-oxidative glucose disposal in HI group (4.6 ± 0.6 to 6.0 ± 0.8 mg/kg FFM/min).

↔ in MI group.

Coker et al. (2009) [34]

71 ± 1

CET

50 or 75 % of VO_2max

40 min/session

4 to 5 sessions/week, 12 weeks

↔ in body weight, BMI, and % of fat in MI and HI groups.

↔ in plasma adiponectin in MI and HI groups.

Lovell et al. (2012) [29]

75.2 ± 3.0

CET

50 to 70 % VO_2max

30 to 45 min/session

3 sessions/week, 16 weeks

Training group:

↑ in the testosterone (16.9 ± 1.5 to 19.3 ± 1.8 nmol/L).

↑ in FT concentration (58.3 ± 4.9 to 67.2 ± 5.7 pmol/L).

↔ in GH, IGF-1 and SHBG concentration.

↔ in control group.

Sial et al. (1998) [46]

74 ± 2

CET

70 to 85 % HR_max

30 to 45 min/session

3 to 5 sessions/week, 16 weeks

↑ in fat free mass (from 49.4 ± 4.1 to 50.4 ± 4.6 kg).

↑ in the average rate of fat oxidation (from 1.6 ± 17 to 2.21 ± 28 µmol/min).

↓ in the average rate of carbohydrate oxidation (from 3.9 ± 483 to 3.2 ± 461 µmol/min).

↓ in the glucose Ra (from 1.1 ± 69 to 1.0 ± 95 µmol/min).

↔ in Ra and FFA rate of disappearance during exercise.

Zmuda et al. (1996) [50]

70 ± 4

CET

50 to 80 % HRR

60 min/session

1 session/day, 1 day

↑ in the serum testosterone, SHBG and total serum protein (39 %, 19 %, and 13 %, respectively; p < 0.01).

↑ in the FT (from 0.1 ± 0.04 to 0.2 ± 0.04).

↔ in the LH concentrations.

Perini et al. (2002) [41]

73.9 ± 3.5

CET

40 to 100 % of P_max

60 min/session

3 sessions/week, 8 weeks

↔ in body weight and fat mass.