Table 3 Summary of studies that analyze the effects of cycle ergometer training on functional status
From: Health benefits of cycle ergometer training for older adults over 70: a review
| Â | Outcomes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Functional status | ||||
Author, year | Mean age (years) | Protocol type | Muscle strength | Physical performance |
Lovell et al. (2010) [27] | 75.2 ± 0.8 | CET 50-70 % of VO2max 30–45 min/session 3 sessions/week, 16 weeks | ↑ in leg strength (from 45.8 ± 7.9 to 54.0 ± 8.0 kg). ↑ in peak power (from 144 ± 5 to 168 ± 6 W). ↑ in upper leg muscle mass (from 10.2 ± 5.3 to 11.0 ± 5.4 kg). ↑ in total-leg muscle mass (from 12.04 ± 4.8 to 12.9 ± 5.1 kg). |  |
Lovell et al. (2012) [29] | 75.2 ± 3.0 | CET 50 to 70 % VO2max 30 to 45 min/session 3 sessions/week, 16 weeks | ↑ in peak power (148 ± 5 to 168 ± 6 W). ↑ in leg strength (45.8 ± 7.3 to 54.0 ± 8.0 kg). |  |
Harber et al. (2009) [40] | 71.1 | CET 60 % of Pmax 20 to 40 min/session 3 sessions/week, 12 weeks | ↑ in the quadriceps muscle volume (from 587 ± 55 to 654 ± 60 cm3). ↑ in the knee extensor power (from 199 ± 25 to 261 ± 27 cm3). ↑ in normalized power (from 5.8 ± 0.8 to 6.5 ± 0.8 W/cm2). ↑ in the knee extensor power (from 4.9 ± 0.4 to 5.9 ± 0.5 Nm/cm2). |  |
Buchner et al. (2009) [30] | 75 | CET 75 % of HRR 30 to 35 min/session 3 sessions/week, 24 to 26 weeks | ↑ in strength at the knee extension (from 88 ± 30 to 97 ± 13 Nm). ↔ in the strength of the other muscles. | ↔ in gait and balance test. |
Perini et al. (2002) [41] | 73.9 ± 3.5 | CET 40 to 100 % of Pmax 60 min/session 3 sessions/week, 8 weeks | ↔ in the maximal isometric quadriceps muscle strength, and the maximal isometric quadriceps endurance. |  |
Denison et al. (2013) | 71.4 | CET 50 to 70 % HRmax 60 min/session 3 sessions/week, 12 weeks | ↔ in maximum grip strength in training and control groups. | Training group: ↓ in the 6 m TUG performance (from 11.0 ± 2.0 to 10.2 ± 1.6 s) in the training group compared to control group. ↔ in 3 m walk, one-legged balance and chair rise. ↔ in control group. |
Malbut et al. (2002) [32] | 81 ± 2.28 | CET 13–15 of RPE 13 to 20 min/session 3 to 6 sessions/week, 24 weeks | ↔ in isometric knee extensor strength, isometric elbow flexor strength and lower limb extensor power. |  |
Mangione et al. (1999) [35] | 71 ± 6.9 | CET 40 or 70 % HRR 25 min/session 3 sessions/week, 10 week |  | ↓ in the chair rise time (from 23.3 ± 9.1 to 19.1 ± 6.6 s). ↑ in the 6-min walk test (from 489.6 ± 109.1 to 533.8 ± 105.0 m). |