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Table 2 Group comparison of physical and cognitive outcomes at baseline (mean and standard deviation, SD)

From: The effect of sensor-based exercise at home on functional performance associated with fall risk in older people – a comparison of two exergame interventions

  KIN SMT Control  
     p-value
PPA score 1.1 (0.8) 2.0 (0.9) 1.8 (1.1) 0.001 *,**
Contrast sensitivity scoreb 21.6 (1.9) 20.8 (2.2) 21.0 (2.6) 0.412
Proprioception (degree)a 1.8 (1.1) 2.9 (1.7) 2.6 (1.6) 0.007 *,**
Knee extension strength (kg)b 20.8 (9.4) 24.2 (10.3) 21.9 (8.6) 0.318
Standing balance (mm)a 261 (124) 377 (152) 379 (188) 0.003 *,**
Finger-press reaction time (ms) 240 (45) 259 (45) 247 (45) 0.225
Timed up & go (s)a 11.5 (3.5) 11.5 (3.1) 12.4 (3.7) 0.317
Sit-to-stand transfer (s)a 13.6 (4.8) 13.1 (3.8) 14.4 (4.9) 0.340
ANT alert (ms)b 34 (32) 34 (35) 39 (33) 0.789
ANT orient (ms)b 40 (43) 60 (43) 44 (45) 0.128
ANT conflict (ms)a 118 (67) 154 (120) 137 (74) 0.533
Stroop CW_incongruency - time (s) 68.3 (32.3) 65.0 (28.4) 75.5 (38.0) 0.314
Stroop CW_incongruency - errorsa 4.5 (3.4) 6.1 (4.0) 6.2 (5.4) 0.270
Stroop efficiency (CW_incongruent/C) 2.0 (0.5) 2.2 (0.8) 2.4 (1.0) 0.147
Digit span backwards (length of sequence)ab 6.8 (2.6) 5.1 (1.0) 5.3 (1.4) 0.001 *,**
  1. aLog transformed
  2. bHigher values indicate better performance KIN Microsoft-Kinect®, SMT step-mat-training, PPA Physiological Profile Assessment, ANT Attentional Network Test, CW colour-word, C colour
  3. *Post-hoc tests (Tukey) results indicate difference between KIN and Control
  4. **Post-hoc tests (Tukey) results indicate difference between KIN and SMT