Table 3 Between-group intervention effects

PPA score

1.1 (0.8)

0.9 (1.1)

2.0 (0.9)

1.5 (0.8)

1.8 (1.1)

1.6 (0.9)

.866

.057

.036

Contrast sensitivity score^b

21.6 (1.9)

23.0 (1.1)

20.8 (2.2)

21.4 (1.6)

21.0 (2.6)

21.9 (2.0)

.003

.010

.462

Proprioception (degree)^a

1.8 (1.1)

1.8 (1.3)

2.9 (1.7)

2.0 (1.3)

2.6 (1.6)

2.5 (1.6)

.486

.192

.015

Knee extension strength (kg)^b

20.8 (9.4)

26.2 (10.3)

24.2 (10.3)

25.8 (9.2)

21.9 (8.6)

23.8 (9.1)

.131

.032

.578

Standing balance (mm)^a

261 (124)

263 (159)

377 (152)

332 (131)

379 (188)

337 (189)

.481

.431

.967

Finger-press reaction time (ms)

240 (45)

239 (49)

259 (45)

238 (40)

247 (45)

247 (41)

.057

.611

.003

Timed up & go (s)^a

11.5 (3.5)

11.1 (3.3)

11.5 (3.1)

11.5 (2.6)

12.4 (3.7)

12.6 (4.4)

.298

.190

.848

Sit-to-stand transfer (s)^a

13.6 (4.8)

12.1 (3.7)

13.1 (3.8)

11.4 (2.7)

14.4 (4.9)

13.3 (3.8)

.370

.197

.011

ANT alert (ms)^b

34 (32)

45 (36)

34 (35)

35 (33)

39 (33)

37 (38)

.285

.243

.990

ANT orient (ms)^b

40 (43)

47 (47)

60 (43)

57 (38)

44 (45)

57 (40)

.886

.375

.418

ANT conflict (ms)^a

118 (67)

111 (46)

154 (120)

103 (41)

137 (74)

111 (46)

.196

.267

.720

Stroop time (s)

68.3 (32.3)

62.5 (28.3)

65.0 (28.4)

26.8 (21.0)

75.5 (38.0)

47.1 (33.1)

<.001

<.001

.001

Stroop errors^a

4.5 (3.4)

3.9 (3.8)

6.1 (4.0)

4.7 (4.2)

6.2 (5.4)

5.6 (5.0)

.516

.437

.085

Stroop efficiency

2.0 (0.5)

1.9 (0.7)

2.2 (0.8)

1.9 (0.7)

2.4 (1.0)

2.2 (0.8)

.298

.589

.054

Digit span backwards^ab

6.8 (2.6)

6.5 (2.6)

5.1 (1.0)

5.2 (1.0)

5.3 (1.4)

5.3 (1.4)

.634

.263

.473