| |
KIN (IG 1)
|
SMT (IG 2)
|
Control
| | | |
|---|
| |
Pre
|
Post
|
Pre
|
Post
|
Pre
|
Post
|
p-value
|
p-value
|
p-value
|
|---|
| |
Mean (SD)
|
Mean (SD)
|
Mean (SD)
|
Mean (SD)
|
Mean (SD)
|
Mean (SD)
|
IG1-IG2
|
IG1-CG
|
IG2-CG
|
|---|
|
PPA score
|
1.1 (0.8)
|
0.9 (1.1)
|
2.0 (0.9)
|
1.5 (0.8)
|
1.8 (1.1)
|
1.6 (0.9)
|
.866
|
.057
|
.036
|
|
Contrast sensitivity scoreb
|
21.6 (1.9)
|
23.0 (1.1)
|
20.8 (2.2)
|
21.4 (1.6)
|
21.0 (2.6)
|
21.9 (2.0)
|
.003
|
.010
|
.462
|
|
Proprioception (degree)a
|
1.8 (1.1)
|
1.8 (1.3)
|
2.9 (1.7)
|
2.0 (1.3)
|
2.6 (1.6)
|
2.5 (1.6)
|
.486
|
.192
|
.015
|
|
Knee extension strength (kg)b
|
20.8 (9.4)
|
26.2 (10.3)
|
24.2 (10.3)
|
25.8 (9.2)
|
21.9 (8.6)
|
23.8 (9.1)
|
.131
|
.032
|
.578
|
|
Standing balance (mm)a
|
261 (124)
|
263 (159)
|
377 (152)
|
332 (131)
|
379 (188)
|
337 (189)
|
.481
|
.431
|
.967
|
|
Finger-press reaction time (ms)
|
240 (45)
|
239 (49)
|
259 (45)
|
238 (40)
|
247 (45)
|
247 (41)
|
.057
|
.611
|
.003
|
|
Timed up & go (s)a
|
11.5 (3.5)
|
11.1 (3.3)
|
11.5 (3.1)
|
11.5 (2.6)
|
12.4 (3.7)
|
12.6 (4.4)
|
.298
|
.190
|
.848
|
|
Sit-to-stand transfer (s)a
|
13.6 (4.8)
|
12.1 (3.7)
|
13.1 (3.8)
|
11.4 (2.7)
|
14.4 (4.9)
|
13.3 (3.8)
|
.370
|
.197
|
.011
|
|
ANT alert (ms)b
|
34 (32)
|
45 (36)
|
34 (35)
|
35 (33)
|
39 (33)
|
37 (38)
|
.285
|
.243
|
.990
|
|
ANT orient (ms)b
|
40 (43)
|
47 (47)
|
60 (43)
|
57 (38)
|
44 (45)
|
57 (40)
|
.886
|
.375
|
.418
|
|
ANT conflict (ms)a
|
118 (67)
|
111 (46)
|
154 (120)
|
103 (41)
|
137 (74)
|
111 (46)
|
.196
|
.267
|
.720
|
|
Stroop time (s)
|
68.3 (32.3)
|
62.5 (28.3)
|
65.0 (28.4)
|
26.8 (21.0)
|
75.5 (38.0)
|
47.1 (33.1)
|
<.001
|
<.001
|
.001
|
|
Stroop errorsa
|
4.5 (3.4)
|
3.9 (3.8)
|
6.1 (4.0)
|
4.7 (4.2)
|
6.2 (5.4)
|
5.6 (5.0)
|
.516
|
.437
|
.085
|
|
Stroop efficiency
|
2.0 (0.5)
|
1.9 (0.7)
|
2.2 (0.8)
|
1.9 (0.7)
|
2.4 (1.0)
|
2.2 (0.8)
|
.298
|
.589
|
.054
|
|
Digit span backwardsab
|
6.8 (2.6)
|
6.5 (2.6)
|
5.1 (1.0)
|
5.2 (1.0)
|
5.3 (1.4)
|
5.3 (1.4)
|
.634
|
.263
|
.473
|
-
aLog transformed
-
bHigher values indicate better performance IG inervention group, CG, control group, KIN Microsoft-Kinect®, SMT step-mat-training, PPA Physiological Profile Assessment, ANT Attentional Network Test, CW colour-word, C colour
- Note: Significant p-values in bold, p-values between .1 and .05 in italics
