A systematic review of gait perturbation paradigms for improving reactive stepping responses and falls risk among healthy older adults

Table 3 Level of evidence per perturbation type for improving reactive responses and/or falls risk

Perturbation Type	Studies Reporting Beneficial Effects		Negative Studies (with sufficient power)		Level of Evidence^a
Perturbation Type	RCTs	Non-RCTs	RCTs	Non-RCTs	Level of Evidence^a
Moveable floor platform	3	2	0	0	Strong
Treadmill (acceleration/deceleration)	1	1	0	0	Moderate
Surface Change	0	2	0	0	Limited

^aLevel of evidence based on Teasell et al. [61]: Strong Evidence: Two or more RCTs with PEDro scores of 4 or higher; Moderate Evidence: One RCT with a PEDro score of 4 or higher; Limited Evidence: At least one non-RCT (i.e. prospective or retrospective controlled trials, single group studies etc.)

ISSN: 1861-6909