Table 2 Participant characteristics of exercise on cognition in individuals with T2D or IGT
Citation | Inclusion criteria | Condition (N) | Age, years (SD) | % Female | Medications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Watson et al. 2006 [35] | Glucose tolerance criteria for prediabetes 7.8 mmol/L ≥ 2-h glucose <11.1 mmol/L) Normal cognitive assessment | Exercise group: exercise plus AHAS2ED (15) BMI: 24.7 ± 3.2 kg/m2 Control group: AHAS1ED (13) BMI:26.7 ± 4.3 kg/m2 | 58.0 ± 9.7 60.6 ± 9.0 | Not reported | Not reported |
Colberg et al. 2008 [36] | American Diabetes Association criteria for the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. Cutoff point for MMSE score > 24 and SLUMS <20 for high school educated, <15 for less educated | Diabetes group (74) HbA1c, % 6.6 ± 0.2 Control group (71) HbA1c, % 5.2 ± 0.0 | 55.5 ± 1.0 57.5 ± 1.3 | 66.2 | Not reported |
Devore et al. 2009 [37] | American Diabetes Association criteria for diagnosis of type 2 diabetes Diabetes duration: 1–15 year Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (modified forms of the Mini-Mental State Examination | High physical activity group (512) BMI (43%) ≥ 30 kg/m2 Moderate physical activity group (520) BMI (33%) ≥ 30 kg/m2 Low physical activity group (518) BMI (32%) ≥ 30 kg/m2 No control group | 74.0 ± 2.3 74.0 ± 2.4 74.0 ± 2.3 | 100 | Insulin therapy Oral hypoglycemia Anti-hypertension/ anti-hypoglycemia |
Baker et al. 2010 [38] | Glucose tolerance criteria for prediabetes (7.8 mmol/L ≥ 2-h glucose <11.1 mmol/L) and for diagnosed type 2 diabetes (2-h glucose ≥1.1 mmol/L) Normal cognitive assessment | Exercise group: aerobic exercise (19), 2-h OGTT glucose levels:184 ± 46 mg/dL BMI:30.6 ± 3.9 kg/m2 Control group: stretching (9) 2-h OGTT glucose levels: 163 ± 31.8 mg/dL BMI: 30.1 ± 7.3 kg/m2 | 71.0 ± 7.5 66.0 ± 6.0 | 64.3 | Anti-hypertension |
Yanagawa et al. 2011 [39] | World Health Organization criteria for diagnosis of type 2 diabetes euglycemic clamp) Normal cognitive assessment | Exercise group (9) HbA1c, % 7.29 ± 0.56 BMI: 23.31 ± 2.80 kg/m2 Control group: walking (7) HbA1c, % 7.14 ± 0.61 BMI: 22.31 ± 2.03 kg/m2 | 71.6 ± 3.8 70.1 ± 3.7 | 31.2 | Not reported |
Lehtisalo et al. 2016 [40] | Glucose tolerance criteria for prediabetes 7.8 mmol/L ≥ 2-h glucose <11.1 mmol/L Normal cognitive assessment | Exercise group: Mixing exercise (364) Control group: Health advice (158) | 55.1 ± 6.8 55.3 ± 7.8 | 67.1 | Not reported |