Table 1 Characteristics and main findings for the older, female athletes with available T-scores (Birkebeiner Ageing Study), and for women from the Tromso-6 study, aged 68 to 76 years
From: Lower bone mineral density in older female endurance skiers – a cross-sectional, observational study
Birkebeiner ageing study N = 24 | Tromso-6 N = 647 | P-valuesa | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) Mean (SD) | 71.1(1.5) | 71.5(2.6) | 0.416 |
College/university education n/N(%) | 15/24(63) | 101/638(16) | < 0.001 |
Body height (m) Mean (SD) | 1.65(0.05) | 1.60(0.06) | < 0.001 |
Body mass (kg) Mean (SD) | 59.3(4.8) | 69.1(11.7) | < 0.001 |
BMI kg/m2 Mean(SD) | 21.7(1.6) | 26.9(4.5) | < 0.001 |
Hormone supplement affecting menopause (ever) n/N(%) | 11/22(50) | 33/537 (6) | < 0.001 |
Cod liver oil intake daily (current) n/N(%) | 16/24(67) | 197/519(35) | 0.016 |
Vitamins intake daily (current) n/N (%) | 14/22(64) | 134/506(26) | < 0.001 |
Osteoporosis medication (ever) n/N (%) | 5/24(21) | 80/619(13) | 0.262 |
Self-reported hip fracture n/N (%) | 0/24(0) | 10/580(2) | 0.517 |
Self-reported wrist fracture n/N (%) | 4/24(17) | 153/605(25) | 0.338 |
Standardized BMD (g/cm2), Mean (SD) | 0.710(0.079) | 0.730(0.108) | 0.404 |
Femoral neck T-score Mean (SD) | −1.780(0.808) | −1.485(0.958) | 0.137 |
Osteoporosis (T-score ≤ −2.5), n/N (%) | 4/24(17) | 86/647(13) | 0.048 b |
Osteopenia (−1 > T-score > −2.5), n/N (%) | 18/24(75) | 391/647(60) | |
Normal BMD (T-score ≥ −1), n/N (%) | 2/24(8) | 170/647(26) |