Table 3 Overview of the studies’ participants

Costamagna et al. [5]

10 (80% f)

84.2 ± 5

geriatric inpatients

Choi et al. [20]

20 (100% f)

77.9 ± 5.9

no surgery, no pain

Härdi et al. [21]

12 (75% f)

84.3 ± 3.9

geriatric inpatients

Hunter et al. [22]

20 (50% f)

79.1 ± 7.1

Alzheimer disease patients

22 (74% f)

68.5 ± 10.7

healthy older adults

Kegelmeyer et al. [23]

27 (22.7% f)

69.7 ± 1.3

Parkinson patients

Lindemann et al. [7]

22 (50% f)

82 (73–90)

geriatric inpatients

Lindemann et al. [6]

20 (70% f)

84.5 (75–95)

geriatric inpatients

Liu et al. [24]

33 (84.9% f)

83.5

residence of an assisted living facility

Mahoney et al. [25]

15 (6.7% f)

82.3 (70–95)

geriatric in- and outpatients

Martins et al. [26]

13 (61.5% f)

67.3 ± 0.5

knee osteoarthritis and subjected to TKA

Protas et al. [27]

10 (80% f)

73.9 ± 3.9

community-dwelling older persons

Rampp et al. [28]

116 (54.7% f)

82.1 ± 6.4

geriatric inpatients

Schülein et al. [2]

106 (56.6% f)

81.7 ± 6.2

geriatric inpatients

Schwenk et al. [29]

109 (85.3% f)

83.1 ± 5.5

geriatric inpatients

Tereso et al. [30]

7 (57.1% f)

67.3 ± 5.1

knee osteoarthritis and subjected to TKA

Tung et al. [31]

20 (50% f)

89.1 ± 4.0

residence of an assisted living facility,

83.1 ± 3.2

community-dwelling older persons

Wang et al. [17]

23/25

25–65

young adults

12/25

> 69

older persons