Table 2 The probabilities of inequalities after simple randomization in groups of older men, based on scores of selected functional tests
Probability for inequalities between experimental groups (mean difference ± SD) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Functional test | Sample | Expected mean ± SD | Participants per group | 10% difference | 15% difference | 20% difference |
Timed Up and Go | 60+ years | 10.8 ± 2.5 s Ibrahim et al., 2017 [26] | 15 | 24.0% (1.5 ± .4) | 7.8% (2.0 ± .3) | 2.0% (2.5 ± .3) |
20 | 17.5% (1.5 ± .3) | 4.3% (1.9 ± .3) | .7% (2.4 ± .2) | |||
25 | 13.0% (1.4 ± .3) | 2.3% (1.9 ± .2) | .3% (2.3 ± .2) | |||
Normal Walking Speed | 70–79 years | 120.0 ± 21.0 cm/s Atkinson, 2007 [27] | 15 | 11.7% (15.3 ± 2.9) | 2.0% (20.5 ± 2.4) | .2% (25.9 ± 1.9) |
20 | 7.1% (14.6 ± 2.4) | .7% (19.9 ± 2) | .03% (24.9 ± 1.4) | |||
25 | 4.5% (14.2 ± 2.0) | .3% (19.8 ± 1.8) | .006% (25.1 ± 1.1) | |||
Functional Reach | Hypertensive 80.9 ± 4.3 | 29.3 ± 7.5 cm Bohannon et al., 2017 [28] | 15 | 28.2% (4.3 ± 1.2) | 11.0% (5.5 ± 1.0) | 3.3% (6.8 ± .9) |
20 | 22.0% (4.1 ± 1.0) | 6.5% (5.3 ± .9) | 1.4% (6.6 ± .7) | |||
25 | 16.9% (3.9 ± .8) | 3.9% (5.1 ± .7) | .6% (6.4 ± .6) | |||
Sit-to-Stand | 60–94 years | 14.2 ± 4.6 reps/30s Rikli and Jones, 1999 [29] | 15 | 39.9% (2.4 ± .8) | 20.9% (2.9 ± .7) | 9.3% (3.5 ± .6) |
20 | 32.8% (2.2 ± .7) | 14.5% (2.8 ± .6) | 5.2% (3.4 ± .5) | |||
25 | 27.5% (2.1 ± .6) | 10.4% (2.7 ± .5) | 3.0% (3.3 ± .4) | |||
Handgrip Strength | 75–79 years | 81.9 ± 9.94 pounds Jansen et al., 2008 [30] | 15 | 2.4% (9.4 ± 1.2) | .07% (13.1 ± .9) | 0% (NA) |
20 | .9% (9.1 ± .9) | .01% (12.8 ± .6) | 0% (NA) | |||
25 | .4% (9.0 ± .8) | .002% (12.26 ± .1) | 0% (NA) | |||
Unipedal Balance Testa | 65–69 years | 26.3 ± 18.4 s Lohne-Seiler et al., 2016 [31] | 15 | 64.1% (9.7 ± 4.5) | 48.4% (11.1 ± 4.2) | 35.1% (12.7 ± 4) |
20 | 59.3% (8.7 ± 3.8) | 42.1% (10.3 ± 3.5) | 28.6% (11.8 ± 3.3) | |||
25 | 54.6% (8.1 ± 3.4) | 36.6% (9.7 ± 3.1) | 23.0% (11.2 ± 2.8) | |||