Table 4 Results of pre- and post-measurements of physical and cognitive functions and cortical acitivty
From: A usability study of a multicomponent video game-based training for older adults
Assessed by | Pre (T1) | Post (T3) | z | p | r | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Physical functions | Gait analysis | |||||
Speed [m/s] | ||||||
ST walking | 1.42 (1.36; 1.61) | 1.52 (1.36; 1.62) | −0.684 | .515 | 0.11 | |
DT walking | 1.26 (1.17; 1.46) | 1.31 (1.22; 1.51) | −2.012 | .045* | 0.33 | |
DT costs in % | 6.4 (5.1; 17.6) | 8.4 (3.0; 18.2) | −1.449 | .156 | 0.24 | |
Cadence [steps/min] | ||||||
ST walking | 117.2 (114.6; | 120.7 (115.1; 126.1) | −1.529 | .134 | 0.25 | |
DT walking | 125.7) | 113.2 (109.5; 120.4) | −1.690 | .096 | 0.27 | |
DT costs in % | 111.7 (105.4; 116.9) 4.0 (1.8; 8.7) | 3.5 (1.0; 9.0) | −1.046 | .312 | 0.17 | |
Stride length [m] | ||||||
ST walking | 1.48 (1.41; 1.56) | 1.47 (1.41; 1.56) | −0.402 | .709 | 0.07 | |
DT walking | 1.36 (1.28; 1.50) | 1.36 (1.33; 1.49) | −1.610 | .113 | 0.26 | |
DT costs in % | 3.8 (2.1; 10.3) | 4.2 (0.0; 9.2) | −1.006 | .332 | 0.16 | |
Minimal toe clearance [cm] | ||||||
ST walking | 2.3 (2.1; 3.1) | 2.9 (2.0; 3.4) | −1.891 | .060 | 0.31 | |
DT walking | 2.2 (1.7; 2.7) | 2.7 (1.6; 3.2) | −1.248 | .225 | 0.20 | |
DT costs in % | 3.9 (−4.9; 16.6) | 6.7 (−7.1; 19.3) | −0.241 | .829 | 0.04 | |
Extended SPPB | ||||||
Total score | 14 (13; 15) | 14 (13; 15) | −0.266 | .797 | 0.04 | |
Balance score | 6 (6; 8) | 7 (5; 7) | −0.134 | .947 | 0.02 | |
4 m-gait score | 4 (4; 4) | 4 (4; 4) | 0.000 | 1.000 | < 0.01 | |
4 m-gait time [s] | 3.3 (2.9; 3.7) | 3.2 (2.8; 3.6) | −1.449 | .153 | 0.24 | |
5-chair rises score | 4 (3; 4) | 4 (3; 4) | −0.816 | .750 | 0.13 | |
5-chair rises time [s] | 10.5 (8.3; 12.8) | 8.8 (7.3; 12.3) | −2.853 | .003* | 0.46 | |
Cognitive functions | Test of Attentional Performance | |||||
Working memory | ||||||
RT [ms] | 741 (597; 843) | 677 (603; 840) | −0.348 | .742 | 0.06 | |
Errors | 3 (0; 6) | 3 (1; 5) | −0.416 | .696 | 0.07 | |
Omissions | 3 (2;4) | 3 (1; 4) | −1.719 | .088 | 0.28 | |
Divided attention | ||||||
RT auditory [ms] | 652 (584; 769) | 594 (580; 714) | −2.495 | .011* | 0.40 | |
RT visual [ms] | 893 (822; 948) | 881 (834; 945) | −0.080 | .945 | 0.01 | |
Errors | 1 (0; 3) | 1 (0; 2) | −0.641 | .541 | 0.10 | |
Omissions | 1 (0; 3) | 1 (1; 2) | −1.388 | .190 | 0.23 | |
Selective attention | ||||||
RT [ms] | 454 (397; 487) | 468 (396; 504) | −0.543 | .602 | 0.09 | |
Errors | 1 (0; 2) | 0 (0; 2) | −0.265 | .848 | 0.04 | |
Omissions | 0 (0; 0) | 0 (0; 0) | −1.890 | .125 | 0.31 | |
Mental flexibility | ||||||
RT [ms] | 932 (798; 1124) | 848 (786; 1018) | −1.610 | .113 | 0.26 | |
Errors | 3 (1; 9) | 3 (1; 4) | −1.163 | .258 | 0.19 | |
Cortical activity | Resting state EEG | |||||
Peak alpha frequency [Hz] | 9.3 (8.4; 9.9) | 9.3 (8.7; 10.0) | −1.274 | .232 | 0.26 | |
Center of gravity [Hz] | 9.2 (8.5; 9.7) | 9.3 (8.4; 9.6) | −1.013 | .340 | 0.20 | |
Alpha spectral power [μV2] | 20.5 (16.1; 35.7) | 27.0 (16.8; 46.9) | −0.078 | .970 | 0.02 | |