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Table 4 Effects of the stepping exergame training on game scores [%] (available-case analysis)

From: Effectiveness and sustainability of a motor-cognitive stepping exergame training on stepping performance in older adults: a randomized controlled trial

 

T1

T2

T3

T1-T2

T1-T3

n

Mean ± SD

n

Mean ± SD

n

Mean ± SD

% change* Mean ± SD

P-value†

ηp2†

% change* Mean ± SD

P-value†

ηp2†

Sub-session 1

 Level 1

  CG

29

54.9 ± 13.5

24

56.3 ± 16.3

25

62.6 ± 14.4

+ 9.0 ± 46.4

0.009

0.141

+ 21.1 ± 32.8

0.476

0.011

  IG

29

45.9 ± 12.2

25

66.6 ± 13.1

24

62.6 ± 13.6

+ 53.3 ± 52.2

  

+ 42.0 ± 46.6

  

 Level 2

  CG

24

47.9 ± 12.9

23

49.0 ± 13.9

25

58.0 ± 15.4

+ 8.0 ± 33.8

0.001

0.232

+ 32.3 ± 45.9

0.556

0.009

  IG

24

39.0 ± 11.7

24

61.3 ± 14.6

24

59.1 ± 14.2

+ 74.5 ± 59.2

  

+ 64.6 ± 56.2

  

 Level 3

  CG

22

51.6 ± 10.8

22

50.1 ± 11.6

24

56.7 ± 12.5

−0.5 ± 22.5

0.006

0.193

+ 12.7 ± 23.4

0.088

0.083

  IG

21

40.0 ± 9.6

22

58.1 ± 13.3

23

58.0 ± 13.6

+ 56.5 ± 46.2

  

+ 60.1 ± 48.4

  

 Level 4

  CG

20

59.0 ± 13.5

23

55.0 ± 12.9

23

57.7 ± 13.5

+ 4.1 ± 35.3

0.333

0.030

+ 4.9 ± 37.7

0.104

0.092

  IG

17

52.3 ± 8.8

20

61.4 ± 14.5

20

62.0 ± 14.4

+ 16.0 ± 19.4

  

+ 19.1 ± 17.9

  

 Level 5

  CG

14

47.2 ± 14.9

12

48.6 ± 12.9

17

48.7 ± 19.0

+ 9.8 ± 40.5

0.995

0.001

−0.9 ± 33.5

0.914

0.001

  IG

7

52.0 ± 18.1

15

56.5 ± 19.0

14

55.1 ± 19.2

+ 7.8 ± 55.3

  

+ 6.0 ± 62.3

  

 Sub-total score

  CG

29

50.8 ± 9.9

24

51.6 ± 10.2

25

56.5 ± 10.8

+ 3.5 ± 21.7

< 0.001

0.330

+ 15.4 ± 21.7

0.063

0.073

  IG

29

44.1 ± 10.0

25

61.6 ± 12.2

24

58.7 ± 12.1

+ 44.2 ± 30.2

  

+ 34.2 ± 29.2

  

Sub-session 2

 Level 6

  CG

29

52.7 ± 18.5

25

55.4 ± 15.7

24

58.5 ± 16.8

+ 16.9 ± 56.9

0.133

0.047

+ 25.6 ± 70.0

0.111

0.055

  IG

29

51.3 ± 17.3

24

61.9 ± 18.6

24

65.3 ± 14.4

+ 30.3 ± 51.1

  

+ 34.2 ± 52.8

  

 Level 7

  CG

29

56.7 ± 13.0

25

60.2 ± 14.8

24

60.7 ± 17.2

+ 6.7 ± 28.2

0.005

0.154

+ 5.7 ± 35.4

0.126

0.051

  IG

29

51.0 ± 19.4

25

67.3 ± 14.8

24

63.6 ± 16.4

+ 67.8 ± 129.2

  

+ 60.7 ± 149.8

  

 Level 8

  CG

28

52.4 ± 16.0

24

59.0 ± 13.8

24

52.8 ± 17.7

+ 17.4 ± 36.1

0.246

0.029

+ 5.8 ± 39.2

0.070

0.073

  IG

29

49.5 ± 14.9

25

60.0 ± 15.9

24

59.7 ± 16.8

+ 26.3 ± 33.3

  

+ 27.9 ± 50.3

  

 Level 9

  CG

28

57.1 ± 13.7

24

55.8 ± 14.0

23

59.5 ± 16.0

−2.8 ± 26.7

0.128

0.050

+ 2.7 ± 30.9

0.454

0.013

  IG

29

50.9 ± 17.8

25

57.2 ± 20.8

24

59.0 ± 19.8

+ 28.6 ± 61.2

  

+ 37.8 ± 99.4

  

 Level 10

  CG

22

36.8 ± 19.5

20

39.9 ± 19.6

20

43.6 ± 19.8

+ 9.1 ± 26.7

0.011

0.185

+ 35.7 ± 26.7

0.423

0.022

  IG

21

27.7 ± 19.2

21

40.8 ± 25.5

20

41.6 ± 22.3

+ 168.6 ± 218.6

  

+ 183.8 ± 254.1

  

 Sub-total score

  CG

29

49.8 ± 12.4

25

54.2 ± 12.2

24

55.3 ± 12.7

+ 6.7 ± 24.6

0.002

0.185

+ 6.9 ± 22.0

0.016

0.122

  IG

29

44.1 ± 13.9

25

58.8 ± 15.1

24

56.5 ± 14.5

+ 43.2 ± 39.8

  

+ 36.8 ± 41.2

  

 Total score (sub-session 1 & 2)

  CG

29

49.3 ± 10.4

24

52.2 ± 10.2

25

55.2 ± 11.3

+ 4.1 ± 17.2

< 0.001

0.364

+ 10.8 ± 17.1

0.008

0.142

  IG

29

43.6 ± 10.9

25

59.5 ± 13.1

24

57.3 ± 13.2

+ 42.3 ± 30.4

  

+ 33.7 ± 28.3

  
  1. * calculated as follows: ((retest score – baseline score) / baseline score) × 100
  2. † P-values and effect sizes (ηp2) are given for group effects with adjustment for baseline covariates as calculated by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Significant p-values < 0.05 are marked in bold
  3. T1 baseline assessment before training, T2 assessment after the 10-week training period, T3 assessment 10 weeks after training cessation, SD standard deviation, CG control group, IG intervention group
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European Review of Aging and Physical Activity

ISSN: 1861-6909

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