Table 1 Study designs
Author, year, country | Diagnoses | Age, years | Exclusion criteria | Intervention | Control group | Timing of tests | Outcomes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Delivery | Type | Frequency & duration | Intensity | |||||||
Arrieta et al [30], 2019 France | Various cancers | ≥ 70 | ECOG PS > 2 Serious psychiatric or cognitive problems Inability to walk Palliative care | Home-based, unsupervised | Individualized phoned PA advice (on resistance and aerobic exercises) and booklet with exercises | Telephone advice: 2X a month for 6 months, and then 1X a month Exercise: starting at 2X a week → hereafter adjusted to each participant Duration: 12 months | Adjusted to each participant’s capability | Usual care | Baseline 3 months 6 months 12 months 18 months 24 months | Physical functiona PAb Cognition Falls Hospitalizations Institutionalizations Mortality |
Maréchal et al [31], 2019 Canada | Various cancer | ≥ 65 | Physically active (≥ 75 min. Per week) Surgery planned within 6 months Uncontrolled hypertension Use of beta-blockers | Supervised and unsupervised | Aerobic exercises and resistance training | 3X a week for 12 weeks Time: Aerobic: 40 min. RT: NR | 4-week progression period: aerobic workout at 70–75% of HRR → maintain RT: 2–3 sets of 10–15 rep. with 50–65% of maximal exercise load | Active static stretching | Baseline 12 weeks | Physical function Strength Aerobic fitness PAb Balance Flexibility SBTb PC NRa |
Sajid et al [32], 2016 USA | Prostate cancer | ≥ 65 | Cognitive impairment Already performing or planning to perform exercise > ×1 weekly | Home-based, unsupervised | EXCAP: walking and resistance training Wii: exercise with Wii-fit | At least 5X a week for 6 weeks Time: NR | EXCAP: Walking: 60–70% of HRR and 3–5 rating of perceived exertion according to ACSM scale. Instructed to increase daily steps with 5–20% per week and to reach 10,000 steps per day. RT: low/moderate intensity, instructed to increase to max. 4 sets with 15 rep. Wii: same intensity as EXCAP | Usual care | Baseline 6 weeks 12 weeks | Physical functiona Strength Aerobic fitness PA BC |
Miki et al [33], 2014 Japan | Breast and prostate cancer | ≥ 65 | ECOG PS > 1 Bone metastases Received whole brain irradiation Severe cardio-respiratory disease Central nervous system paralysis | Supervised | Speed-feedback therapy on bicycle ergometersc | 1X a week for 4 weeks Time: 5 min. | Exercise load: 20 watts with maximum rotations of 80 rpm | Usual care | Baseline 4 weeks | Cognitiona QoL Physical function |