Table 1 Summary of participant demographics and clinical characteristics

Age, years

67.3 ± 7.0

68.7 ± 7.3

66.8 ± 6.8

< 0.05

51–100

Height, m

1.56 ± 0.79

1.65 ± 0.06

1.53 ± 0.06

< 0.05

1.31–1.83

Weight, kg

60.1 ± 12.0

65.9 ± 10.8

58.0 ± 11.7

< 0.05

29.6–112.3

BMI, kg/m²

24.5 ± 4.6

24.2 ± 3.8

24.6 ± 4.9

0.212

12.9–46.9

SMI (ASM/Height²)

6.8 ± 1.2

7.9 ± 1.2

6.5 ± 0.9

< 0.05

3.97–13.4

FMI (AFM/Height²)

3.3 ± 1.7

2.2 ± 1.0

3.7 ± 1.7

< 0.05

0–14.4

Grip Strength, kg

24.3 ± 6.9

31.7 ± 7.0

21.6 ± 4.4

< 0.05

6.2–48.9

30CST, Reps

16.0 ± 5.3

16.2 ± 6.0

16.0 ± 5.0

0.523

3–35

5TSTS, sec

10.1 ± 4.3

10.1 ± 4.3

10.2 ± 4.3

0.786

2.7–49.0

TUG, sec

10.1 ± 3.7

10.2 ± 0.2

10.0 ± 0.2

0.523

3.3–59.9

Habitual Gait Speed, m/s

1.3 ± 0.27

1.29 ± 0.29

1.28 ± 0.27

0.667

0.20–2.16

6MWT, m

468.6 ± 106.3

477.5 ± 117.7

465.5 ± 101.8

0.176

60.0–708.1

Physical Activity Hours/Week

11.8 ± 10.8

7.9 ± 7.6

13.2 ± 11.4

< 0.05

0–104.5