Skip to main content

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants

From: Long-term participation in community group exercise improves lower extremity muscle strength and delays age-related declines in walking speed and physical function in older adults

 

All

Male

Female

Total

short-term

mid-term

long-term

P-Value

short-term

mid-term

long-term

P-Value

short-term

mid-term

long-term

P-Value

N

2570

1553

636

381

 

277

96

63

 

1275

540

318

 

Duration from baseline physical test (year)

 mean (sd)

2.35 (2.51)

0.75 (1.21)

3.81 (1.60)

6.44 (1.19)

<.001

0.69 (1.06)

3.51 (1.49)

6.35 (1.38)

<.001

0.76 (1.24)

3.87 (1.62)

6.46 (1.16)

<.001

Age (year)

 mean (sd)

74.3 (8.0)

74.5 (8.5)

74.2 (7.2)

73.6 (6.7)

0.130

74.3 (8.3)

74.5 (6.7)

71.8 (7.2)

0.064

74.5 (8.6)

74.1 (7.3)

74.0 (6.6)

0.418

Age75a (year)

 mean (sd)

-0.1 (1.6)

-0.1 (1.7)

-0.2 (1.4)

-0.3 (1.3)

0.130

-0.1 (1.7)

-0.1 (1.3)

-0.6 (1.4)

0.064

-0.1 (1.7)

-0.2 (1.5)

-0.2 (1.3)

0.418

Body weight (kg)

 mean (sd)

52.5 (9.4)

53.2 (10.1)

52.6 (9.0)

53.7 (8.7)

0.142

61.8 (10.1)

60.9 (9.2)

63.5 (7.3)

0.259

51.3 (9.0)

51.2 (8.1)

51.8 (7.6)

0.513

Knee extension strength (kgf)

 mean (sd)

32.0 (11.6)

28.0 (11.2)

25.7 (9.7)

23.2 (9.1)

<.001

33.3 (13.0)

33.5 (12.0)

32.9 (11.8)

0.950

26.9 (10.4)

24.3 (8.6)

21.3 (7.1)

<.001

Lower extremity muscle strengthb (%)

 mean (sd)

50.7 (19.4)

53.2 (20.6)

49.2 (17.7)

42.9 (14.5)

<.001

53.9 (20.2)

55.3 (18.8)

52.0 (18.4)

0.586

53.0 (20.7)

48.2 (17.3)

41.1 (12.9)

<.001

TUG timec (sec)

 mean (sd)

7.6 (3.4)

7.8 (3.9)

7.3 (2.3)

7.3 (2.1)

<.001

8.2 (4.7)

7.0 (2.4)

6.7 (1.6)

0.006

7.7 (3.7)

7.3 (2.2)

7.4 (2.1)

0.018

Motor fitness scale (point)

 mean (sd)

10.6 (3.5)

10.3 (3.7)

10.9 (3.1)

11.2 (3.1)

<.001

10.6 (3.3)

11.0 (3.2)

12.1 (2.4)

0.003

10.3 (3.8)

10.9 (3.1)

11.0 (3.2)

<.001

  1. aAge 75 was value after centering for 75 years old
  2. bLower extremity muscle strength adjusted to body weight (%)
  3. cTUG time was obtained timed up and go test