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Table 3 General characteristics of the analyzed variables in female Masters Athletes (n = 107)

From: Bone mineral density in elite masters athletes: the effect of body composition and long-term exercise

 

Endurance athletes (n = 48)

Speed-power athletes (n = 40)

Throws athletes (n = 19)

Significant difference

F (p)

η2

Mean ± SD

Age [years]

57.7 ± 11.1

55.2 ± 12.2

56.8 ± 9.8

–

0.6 (0.562)

0.01

Body mass [kg]

57.0 ± 7.3

60.6 ± 5.7

83.8 ± 12.2

1,2v3

82.5 (< 0.001)

0.61

Height [cm]

162.6 ± 6.8

166.2 ± 7.7

169.9 ± 5.4

1v3

8.1 (< 0.001)

0.13

Forearm length [cm]

24.4 ± 1.1

24.9 ± 1.3

25.1 ± 1.2

–

3.2 (0.046)

0.06

Wrist width [cm]

4.7 ± 0.3

4.9 ± 0.3

5.3 ± 0.6

1v2v3

20.8 (< 0.001)

0.28

BMD dis R + U [g/cm2]

0.293 ± 0.054

0.322 ± 0.075

0.350 ± 0.053

1v3

6.1 (0.003)

0.10

BMD prox R + U [g/cm2]

0.649 ± 0.101

0.713 ± 0.118

0.783 ± 0.094

1v2,3

11.5 (< 0.001)

0.18

BMD prox R [g/cm2]

0.677 ± 0.117

0.736 ± 0.118

0.802 ± 0.101

1v3

8.6 (< 0.001)

0.14

BMC dis R + U [g]

1.222 ± 0.265

1.323 ± 0.316

1.544 ± 0.245

1,2v3

8.9 (< 0.001)

0.15

BMC prox R + U [g]

1.718 ± 0.259

1.867 ± 0.298

2.192 ± 0.381

1,2v3

17.2 (< 0.001)

0.25

BMC prox R [g]

0.908 ± 0.140

0.995 ± 0.159

1.166 ± 0.202

1v2v3

17.8 (< 0.001)

0.25

T-score dis R + U

−0.902 ± 0.834

−0.547 ± 1.179

−0.031 ± 0.835

1v3

5.6 (0.005)

0.10

T-score prox R + U

−2.660 ± 1.605

−1.691 ± 1.859

−0.555 ± 1.494

1v2,3

11.2 (< 0.001)

0.18

T-score prox R

− 2.204 ± 1.840

−1.308 ± 1.863

− 0.223 ± 1.608

1v3

8.6 (< 0.001)

0.14

% age matched dis R + U

95.1 ± 15.3

100.6 ± 21.9

111.4 ± 17.8

1v3

5.3 (0.006)

0.09

% age matched prox R + U

87.7 ± 10.3

93.6 ± 13.7

103.8 ± 12.0

1,2v3

12.4 (< 0.001)

0.19

% age matched prox R

92.5 ± 11.6

98.0 ± 14.2

107.7 ± 12.1

1,2v3

9.8 (< 0.001)

0.16

%BF

24.8 ± 5.2

25.0 ± 4.1

30.9 ± 6.2

1,2v3

11.3 (< 0.001)

0.18

BFM [kg]

14.4 ± 4.7

15.4 ± 3.2

25.7 ± 7.5

1,2v3

40.1 (< 0.001)

0.43

LBM [kg]

42.4 ± 4.4

45.8 ± 4.6

56.4 ± 7.5

1v2v3

50.3 (< 0.001)

0.49

TBW [kg]

30.5 ± 3.2

33.0 ± 3.3

56.4 ± 7.5

1v2v3

50.5 (< 0.001)

0.49

SLM [kg]

39.1 ± 4.0

41.9 ± 4.8

51.7 ± 6.9

1v2v3

44.9 (< 0.001)

0.46

ICW

18.5 ± 2.0

20.0 ± 1.9

24.4 ± 3.2

1v2v3

50.0 (< 0.001)

0.49

ECW

12.0 ± 1.3

13.1 ± 1.5

16.1 ± 2.2

1v2v3

47.1 (< 0.001)

0.47

  1. Notes: significant differences between groups (1 – endurance athletes; 2 – speed-power athletes, 3 – throwing athletes)
  2. BMD Bone mineral density, BMC Bone mass, dis- distal part of forearm, prox proximal part of forearm, BF Body fat, BFM Body fat mass, LBM Lean body mass, TBW Total body water, SLM Soft lean mass, ICW Intercellular water, ECW Extracellular water