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Table 1 Socio-demographics and physical activity characteristics of included participants

From: The MIPAM trial – motivational interviewing and physical activity monitoring to enhance the daily level of physical activity among older adults – a randomized controlled trial

 

Overall (n = 70)

PAM group (n = 38)

PAM+MI group (n = 32)

p

Age, median [IQR]

72.0 [70.0, 74.0]

71.0 [70.0, 74.3]

73.0 [71.0, 74.0]

0.134

Sex, n male (%)

28 (40.0)

16 (42.1)

12 (37.5)

0.613

BMI, mean (SD)

27.2 (4.4)

27.3 (4.9)

27.1 (3.9)

0.581

Education, n (%)

   

0.522

 No education

1 (1.5)

1 (2.8)

0 (0.0)

 

 Upper secondary education

11 (16.4)

5 (13.9)

6 (19.4)

 

 Bachelor’s degree or equivalent tertiary education level

39 (58.2)

21 (58.3)

18 (58.1)

 

 Master’s degree, equivalent tertiary education level, or above

16 (23.9)

9 (25.0)

7 (22.6)

 

Lives alone, n (%)

26 (39.4)

13 (36.1)

13 (43.3)

0.507

Smoking, n (%)

   

0.509

 Never smoked

33 (49.3)

19 (52.8)

14 (45.2)

 

 Stopped smoking

29 (43.3)

14 (38.9)

15 (48.4)

 

 Smokes

5 (7.5)

3 (8.3)

2 (6.5)

 

In pain, n (%)

25 (37.3)

9 (25.0)

16 (51.6)

0.046

Long-term chronic disease or disability, n (%)

33 (49.3)

16 (44.4)

17 (54.8)

0.379

Limited in usual activities due to disability, health or pain (%)

   

0.388

 Not limited

35 (52.2)

20 (55.6)

15 (48.4)

 

 Limited to some extend

26 (38.8)

14 (38.9)

12 (38.7)

 

 Seriously limited

6 (9.0)

2 (5.6)

4 (12.9)

 

Walking aids (%)

   

0.253

 None

65 (97.0)

35 (97.2)

30 (96.8)

 

 Cane

1 (1.5)

0 (0.0)

1 (3.2)

 

 Rollator

1 (1.5)

1 (2.8)

0 (0.0)

 

% of total activity from walking, median [IQR]

69.5 [30.8, 80.0]

64.0 [20.0, 80.0]

69.5 [40.0, 79.5]

0.363

Wants to be more physically active, n (%)

   

0.259

 Yes

56 (83.6)

28 (77.8)

28 (90.3)

 

 No

3 (4.5)

2 (5.6)

1 (3.2)

 

 Do not know

8 (11.9)

6 (16.7)

2 (6.5)

 

Have used or uses physical activity monitor, n (%)

22 (32.8)

12 (33.3)

10 (32.3)

0.997

UCLA Loneliness Scale Sum, mean (SD)

32.9 (8.6)

33.5 (9.5)

32.3 (7.5)

0.399

EQ-5D-5L

 Problems with mobility, n (%)

27 (40.1)

13 (36.1)

14 (46.7)

0.373

 Problems with self-care, n (%)

4 (6.1)

2 (5.6)

2 (6.7)

0.995

 Problems with usual activities, n (%)

19 (28.8)

9 (25.0)

10 (33.3)

0.442

 Problems with pain and discomfort, n (%)

43 (65.2)

20 (55.6)

23 (76.7)

0.087

 Problems with anxiety and depression, n (%)

13 (19.7)

7 (19.4)

6 (20.0)

0.995

 EQ Visual Analogue Scale, median [IQR]

80.0 [70.0, 90.0]

85.0 [70.0, 90.0]

80.0 [70.0, 90.0]

0.438

Outcome Expectancy for Exercise-2 Scale Sum, mean (SD)

51.6 (6.9)

50.3 (7.27)

53.1 (6.1)

0.074

Self-Efficacy for Exercise Scale Sum, mean (SD)

60.5 (19.8)

59.4 (20.15)

61.8 (20.0)

0.442

Baseline steps per day, mean (SD)

5881 (2948)

6029 (3009)

5705 (2913)

0.649

International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form

 Minutes of vigorous activity per day, median [IQR]

0.0 [0.0, 24.1]

0.0 [0.0, 19.3]

0.0 [0.0, 24.1]

0.581

 Minutes of moderate activity per day, median [IQR]

0.0 [0.0, 24.1]

0.0 [0.0, 19.3]

0.0 [0.0, 24.1]

0.581

 Minutes of MVPA per day, median [IQR]

0.0 [0.0, 48.2]

0.0 [0.0, 38.6]

0.0 [0.0, 48.2]

0.581

 Minutes of walking activity per day, median [IQR]

27.9 [0.0, 327.9]

23.6 [0.0, 422.1]

31.1 [0.0, 214.3]

0.643

 MET-minutes per day, median [IQR]

316.9 [63.3, 1386.0]

394.1 [40.9, 1432.0]

254.6 [102.5, 850.5]

0.570

 Minutes of sedentary time per day, median [IQR]

303.0 [210.0, 480.0]

303.0 [240.0, 435.0]

316.0 [202.5, 480.8]

0.676

IPAQ physical activity categories, n (%)

   

0.690

 High

18 (27.3)

10 (27.8)

8 (26.7)

 

 Low

26 (39.4)

14 (38.9)

12 (40.0)

 

 Moderate

22 (33.3)

12 (33.3)

10 (33.3)

 

Nordic Physical Activity Questionnaire short

 Minutes of MVPA per day, median [IQR]

30.0 [12.9, 68.6]

38.6 [8.2, 82.5]

25.7 [17.5, 46.1]

0.227

 Minutes of moderate activity per day, median [IQR]

11.4 [0.0, 24.6]

7.9 [0.0, 34.3]

12.1 [0.0, 19.8]

0.651

 Minutes of vigorous activity per day, median [IQR]

17.1 [0.0, 34.3]

19.3 [0.0, 58.4]

13.6 [0.0, 21.4]

0.225

NPAQ physical activity categories, n (%)

   

0.231

 Inactive

8 (12.1)

4 (11.1)

4 (13.3)

 

 Insufficiently physically active

10 (15.2)

7 (19.4)

3 (10.0)

 

 Sufficiently physically active

12 (18.2)

4 (11.1)

8 (26.7)

 

 Optimally physically active

36 (54.5)

21 (58.3)

15 (50.0)

 

NPAQ compliance with WHO recommendations, n (%)

48 (72.7)

25 (69.4)

23 (76.7)

0.490

  1. BMI Body Mass Index, PAM Physical Activity Monitor, EQ-5D EuroQol Research Foundation Five Domains, UCLA University of California Los Angeles, OEE Outcome Expectancy for Exercise, SEE Self Efficacy for Exercise, IPAQ-SF International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form, NPAQ Nordic Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form, MVPA Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity, SD Standard deviation, IQR Interquartile range, IPAQ-SF International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form, NPAQ Nordic Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form, MVPA Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity. Test for between-group difference in normal distributed continuous variables (BMI, UCLA Loneliness Scale Sum Score, Outcome Expectancy for Exercise-2 Scale Sum Score, Self-Efficacy for Exercise Sum Score and Baseline Daily Steps) were performed with unpaired t-test, test for between group difference in non-normal distributed continuous (age, % of total activity from walking, EQ Visual Analogue Scale, all IPAQ and NPAQ scores) variables were performed with Mann-Whitney U test, test for between group difference in categorical or binary variables with Chi2 test, p-values ≤0.05 are considered significant