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Table 3 The comparison between real modification in performance and the contribution of random measurement error

From: An interrater reliability study of gait analysis systems with the dual task paradigm in healthy young and older adults

Parameter

ST

Mean (SD)

DT

Mean (SD)

DT effect

∆ (DTE%)

DT increase/decline*

N (%)

SEM (SEM%)

MDC95 (MDC95%)

Real modification

velocity (m/s) YA

1.44 (.198)

1.31 (.237)

−0.13 (− 9.03)

22.2

0.02 (1.26)

0.05 (3.49)

yes

velocity (m/s) OA

1.18 (.207)

1.11 (.237)

−0.07 (− 5.93)

36.4

0.08 (6.43)

0.21 (17.8)

no

cadence (steps/s) YA

112.8 (11.5)

109.9 (14.2)

−2.9 (− 2.57)

22.2

2.24 (1.99)

6.22 (5.51)

no

cadence (steps/s) OA

106.5 (9.81)

102.1 (14.9)

−4.4 (−4.13)

36.4

0.82 (0.77)

2.28 (2.14)

yes

stride length (m) YA

1.53 (.088)

1.44 (.094)

−0.09 (−5.88)

66.7

0.02 (1.27)

0.05 (3.51)

yes

stride length (m) OA

1.34 (.151)

1.29 (.151)

−0.05 (−3.73)

75.0

0.02 (1.12)

0.04 (3.11)

yes

Single limb support (%GCT) YA

80.6 (1.63)

78.9 (2.11)

−1.7 (−2.11)

11.1

0.89 (1.09)

2.45 (3.05)

no

single limb support (%GCT) OA

78.3 (1.77)

77.1 (2.17)

−1.2 (− 1.53)

27.3

0.76 (0.98)

2.11 (2.69)

no

double limb support (%GCT) YA

19.4 (1.69)

21.0 (2.13)

1.6 (8.25)

88.9

0.88 (4.52)

2.43 (12.5)

no

double limb support (%GCT) OA

21.8 (1.76)

22.9 (2.18)

1.1 (5.05)

81.8

0.76 (3.51)

2.12 (9.72)

no

stance (%GCT) YA

61.7 (.369)

61.1 (4.23)

−0.6 (−.972)

22.2

1.08 (1.75)

2.99 (4.85)

no

stance (%GCT) OA

62.5 (1.11)

61.7 (4.16)

−0.8 (−1.28)

45.5

0.47 (0.76)

1.31 (2.09)

no

  1. The mean values of the measurement systems for the gait parameters divided into YA and OA in ST and DT condition are shown. YA Young adults, OA Older adults, GTC Gait cycle time, ST single task, DT dual task. ∆ = difference between ST and DT [were calculated as follows: (−(STmean – DTmean)). negative values indicate decreases from ST to DT]. DTC% = proportional dual task costs [were calculated as follows: ((DT - ST) / ST) *100]. *DT increase/decline = % of individuals showing higher values under DT compared to ST condition (whether this is an improvement or a deterioration in performance depends on the gait parameter; for example, for velocity we observe that the value increases for 22.2% of the YA in the DT. Accordingly. the velocity decreases for 77.8%, what is to be expected for the gait velocity. SEM = standard error of measurement of the gait systems. MDC Minimal detectable change. Real modification = MDC95% < DTC%