Table 1 Different indicators and cut-off points in defining sarcopenia

AGWS [20]

countries from Asia

ASM/height² by DXA: (M: < 7.0 kg/m², F: < 5.4 kg/m²); Or ASM/height² by BIA: (M: < 7.0 kg/m², F: < 5.7 kg/m²)

HGS: (M:< 28 kg, F:< 18 kg)

GS: < 1.0 m/s; Or 5-STS ≥ 12 s; Or SPPB: ≤9

EWGSOP-2019 [20]

countries from Europe

ASM/height² by DAX or BIA: (M: < 7.0 kg/m², F: < 6 kg/m²)

HGS: (M: < 27 kg, F: < 16 kg)

GS: < 0.8 m/s; or 5-STS > 15 s; or SPPB: ≤8; or TUG ≥20s

EWGSOP-2010 [21]

countries from Europe

ASM/height [2] by DXA: (M: < 7.23 kg/m², F: < 5.67 kg/m²); or ASM/height² by BIA: (M: < 8.87 kg/m², F: < 6.42 kg/m²)

HGS: (M: < 30 kg, F: < 20 kg)

GS: < 1.0 m/s; or SPPB: ≤8

FNIH [22]

/

ASM/BMI by DXA: (M: < 0.789, F: < 0.512)

HGS: (M: < 26 kg, F: < 16 kg)

/

CDC [ 23]

New Mexico

[0.2487(weight) + 0.0483(height)- 0.1584(hip circumference) + 0.0732HGS + 2.5843(sex) + 5.8828] < 2 standard deviations of a young reference population

/

/

Janssen [24]

United States

[(height²/BIA-resistance*0.401) + 3.825(gender) + 0.071(age) + 5.102]/body mass*100] < 1 standard deviations of a young reference population

/

/

Tyrovolas [25]

countries from Asia, Africa, Europe, and Latin America

ASM/BMI by BIA, M: ≤0.93 kg/m², F: ≤0.57 kg/m²;

HGS: (M: < 30 kg, F: < 20 kg)

GS: (M: 0.95–0.66 m/s; F:0.08–0.48 m/s)

Chung [26]

Korea

ASM/weight²*100% by DXA, M: ≤32.5%, F: ≤25.7%

/

/

Fried

United States

weight loss, of ≥10 pounds or, of ≥5% of body weight in prior year

HGS: lowest 20%

GS: slowest 20%

China

ASM/height² by DXA: (M: < 6.66 kg/m², F: < 5.24 kg/m²); or SMM/weight: (M: < 37.15%, F: < 32.26%); or SMM/height²: (M: < 8.43 kg/m², F: < 6.80 kg/m²)

/

/