Study | Sample size (RTG/CG) | Gender (n:male /female) | Age# (RTG/CG) | Sarcopenia diagnostics (Indicator, Cut-points, Source) | Intervention | Control group | Outcome | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mode | Training movement | Intensity | Duration times/week;(total weeks) | |||||||
Chen et al. [31] (2018) | 17/16 | 0/33 | 66.7 ± 5.3 /68.3 ± 2.8 | ASM/height2 by BIA < 5.7 kg/m2; HGS, < 18 kg, GS < 0.8 m/s (AWGS) | Kettleball | Swing, deadlift, goblet squat, squat lunge, row, single arm row, biceps curl, triceps extension, two-arm military press, Turkish get up, and comprehensive dynamic workout | 3sets/8-12reps 60–70%1RM | 2(8) | Non-exercise | ASMI SMM BFM HGS |
Cebria Iranzo et al. [32] (2018) | 11/17 | 18/29 | 82.8 ± 9.1 /81.2 ± 5.4 | ASM/BMI by BIA, M: ≤0.93 kg/m2, F:≤0.57 kg/m2; GS, M: 0.95–0.66 m/s; F: 0.08–0.48 m/s (Tyrovolas) | Dumbbell and ankle/wrist weights | Ankle flexion/extension, knee extension, hip flexion/ abduction/adduction, handgrip, wrist flexion/extension, forearm pronation/supination, elbow/ flexion/extension, and shoulder flexion/extension /adduction/abduction | 40–60% 1RM | 3(12) | Non-exercise | ASMI HGS KES GS |
Wei-Hua et al. [33] (2020) | 41/30 | 63/73 | 70.04 ± 9.86 /68.54 ± 10.62 | ASM/height2 by BIA, M: < 7 kg/m2, F: < 5.7 kg/m2; HGS, M: < 26 kg; F: < 18 kg; GS < 0.8 m/s (AWGS) | Weight machine | Knee extension/flexion, chest press, shoulder press, and low back muscle training | 30 min | 2(24) | Education | ASMI HGS GS |
Piastra et al. [34] (2018) | 35/37 | Not listed | 69.9 ± 2.7 /70.0 ± 2.8 | SMM/height2 by BIA, M: ≤10.75 kg/m2; F: ≤6.75 kg/m2; HGS, M: < 30 kg, F: < 20 kg (EWGSOP-2019) | Weight loads | 30 min muscle toning for different muscular districts (primarily abdominal and both lower and upper limbs) | Low/moderate | 2(36) | Postural training | SMM HGS |
Vikberg et al. [35] (2019) | 36/34 | 44/47 | 70.9 ± 0.28 /70.0 ± 0.29 | appendicular lean muscle mass/height2 by DXA, M: ≤7.29 kg/m2; F: ≤5.53 kg/m2 (EWGSOP-2010) | Suspension band and body weight | Squats, calf raises, chair stands, half lunges, biceps rowing, push-ups, and bridge | Week 1: 2set/10reps; Week 2–4: 3set/10reps; Week 5–7: 4set/10reps | 1(10) | Non -exercise | BFM LLM HGS TUG |
Bellomo et al. [36] (2013) | 10/10 | 20/0 | Average: 70.9 ± 5.2 | muscle mass/height2 by DXA,< 2 std. dev of a young reference population (CDC) | Weight machine | Leg press and extension | Week 1–4: 1set/15reps; Week 5–8: 3set/12reps; Week 9–12: 3sets/6-8reps | 2(12) | Education | KES |
Zhao et al. [37] (2016) | 6/6 | 12/0 | 65.8 ± 2.48/66 ± 3.12 | ASM/height2 by BIA, M: < 7 kg/m2; HGS < 26 kg, GS < 0.8 m/s (AWGS) | Elastic band and body weight | Squat on the bench for lower limbs exercise, resist external loads for upper limbs exercise | 60–80%1RM 3 sets 40 min | 3(8) | Non-exercise | ASMI HGS |
Huang et al. [38] (2017) | 18/17 | 0/35 | 68.89 ± 4.91/69.53 ± 5.09 | SMM/weight2*100% by BIA < 27.6% (Janssen) | Elastic band | Exercises for training major muscle groups (shoulders, arms, lower limbs, chest, and abdomen) | 3 sets/10 reps | 3(12) | 40-min lesson about exercise | BFM |
Chen et al. [39] (2017) | 15/15 | 5/25 | 68.9 ± 4.4/68.6 ± 3.1 | ASM/weight2*100% by BIA, M: ≤32.5%, F: ≤25.7% (Chung) | Weight machine | Shoulder presses, bicep curls, triceps curls, bench presses, deadlifts, leg swings, squats, standing rows, unilateral rows, and split front squats | 60–70% 1RM 3 sets/8–12 reps | 2(8) | Non-exercise | SMM BFM HGS KES |
Liao et al. [40] (2018) | 33/23 | 0/55 | 66.67 ± 4.54/68.32 ± 6.05 | ASM/weight2*100% by BIA, M: ≤32.5%, F: ≤25.7% (Chung) | Elastic band | Seated chest press, seated row, seated shoulder press, knee extension, knee flexion, hip flexion, and hip extension | 3 sets/10 reps | 3(12) | Non-exercise | SMM HGS KES GS TUG |
Liao et al. [41] (2017) | 25/21 | 0/46 | 66.39 ± 4.49/68.42 ± 5.86 | SMM/height2 by DXA, F: ≤7.15 kg/m2 (EWGSOP-2010) | Elastic band | Seated chest press, seated row, seated shoulder press, Concentric–eccentric hip circumduction, leg press, and leg curl | 3sets /10 reps | 3(12) | Non-exercise | LLM BFM HGS KES GS TUG |
Hamaguchi et al. [42] (2017) | 7/8 | 0/15 | 60.4 ± 2.7/60.6 ± 2.3 | SMM/height2 by DXA < 6.12 kg/m2 (EWGSOP-2010) | Weight loads | Front lunge, side lunge, calf raise, and toe raise | 8 sets /3 reps | 2(6) | Non-exercise | KES HGS |
Vasconcelos et al. [43] (2016) | 14/14 | 0/28 | 72 ± 4.6/72 ± 3.6 | HGS < 21 kg (Fried) | Elastic band | Knee exercises, hip exercises, and mini-squats | 2-3sets/12 reps (40–60%1RM) for knee exercises 2-3sets/12reps (1-3 kg) for hip exercises 2-3sets/10reps (1-3 kg) for mini-squats | 2(10) | Non-exercise | KES GS |
Chiu et al. [29] (2018) | 24/21 | 35/35 | 79.64 ± 7.36/80.15 ± 8.26 | SMM/weight*100% by BIA,M: ≤37.15%, F: ≤32.26%% (Chen) | Sandbag or grip ball | Upper body exercises included training that targeted the biceps, deltoids, grip, and pinch. Lower extremities consisted of leg extension, leg flexion, calf raises, stepping forward and sideward, | 3sets/4-10reps | 2(12) | Non-exercise | ASMI HGS |