Table 3 Variables of functional fitness, fear of falling and body composition before and after the intervention (mean ± SD)
Control | Normoxia training | Hypoxia training | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre | Post | 95%CI for difference | p | Pre | Post | 95%CI for difference | P | Pre | Post | 95%CI for difference | p | Interaction effect F (p value) | |
Chair stand (rep) | 12.3 ± 2.2 | 12.1 ± 1.5 | −1.08-0.58 | 0.547 | 11.7 ± 2.7 | 12.8 ± 2.2 | 0.21–2.01 | 0.016* | 11.2 ± 2.0 | 14 ± 2.3 | 1.74–3.79 | 0.001*† | 10.613 (0.001) |
Arm curl (rep) | 15.1 ± 4.2 | 15.5 ± 5.0 | − 1.10-2.01 | 0.562 | 14.2 ± 3.1 | 17.4 ± 3.5 | 1.55–4.91 | 0.001* | 14.3 ± 3.1 | 17.2 ± 3.3 | 0.99–4.84 | 0.004* | 3.573 (0.036) |
6 min. Walk (m) | 554.0 ± 72 | 525.9 ± 49 | −47.47--8.91 | 0.005* | 540.2 ± 66 | 571.0 ± 90 | 9.93–51.75 | 0.005* | 562.3 ± 72 | 590.6 ± 76 | 4.37–52.19 | 0.021*† | 10.979 (0.001) |
Sit and reach (cm) | 0.1 ± 5.7 | 1.6 ± 4.6 | − 0.08-3.08 | 0.063 | 1.1 ± 4.4 | 2.8 ± 4.3 | − 0.015-3.42 | 0.058 | 2.0 ± 1.5 | 2.8 ± 6.7 | − 1.19- 2.73 | 0.436 | 0.279 (0.758) |
Back scratch (cm) | −15.7 ± 7.6 | −16.5 ± 11 | − 7.06-5.46 | 0.798 | − 6.0 ± 16 | − 9.0 ± 9.4 | −9.79-3.79 | 0.379 | −17.7 ± 11 | − 11.1 ± 13 | −1.12-14.42 | 0.092 | 1.890 (0.162) |
8 ft. Up and go (s) | 5.9 ± 0.9 | 5.7 ± 0.8 | − 0.39-0.16 | 0.404 | 5.8 ± 0.9 | 5.6 ± 0.7 | − 0.51-0.09 | 0.174 | 5.8 ± 0.8 | 5.6 ± 0.5 | − 0.49-0.20 | 0.405 | 0.100 (0.905) |
SLS (s) | 28.0 ± 15.5 | 23.4 ± 15.4 | −10.33-1.14 | 0.114 | 21.1 ± 13.3 | 20.9 ± 12.2 | − 6.44-6.00 | 0.943 | 34.1 ± 12.1 | 32.8 ± 12.7 | − 8.38- 5.85 | 0.722 | 0.592 (0.557) |
FES-I | 8.3 ± 1.7 | 8.4 ± 1.5 | −0.70-0.80 | 0.894 | 9.1 ± 2.0 | 7.4 ± 0.7 | −2.52--0.89 | 0.001*† | 8.5 ± 1.0 | 7.4 ± 0.8 | −2.01--0.14 | 0.025* | 5.243 (0.009) |
Lean mass (Kg) | 43.3 ± 10.0 | 42.0 ± 10.2 | −20.69--5.97 | 0.001* | 46.9 ± 10.6 | 47.1 ± 11.2 | − 6.43-9.53 | 0.698 | 47.5 ± 11.7 | 47.6 ± 12.3 | − 8.78-9.46 | 0.941 | 4.646 (0.014) |
Fat mass (kg) | 23.8 ± 5.6 | 25.3 ± 6.0 | 7.03–23.61 | 0.001* | 25.5 ± 10.1 | 26.4 ± 10.7 | 1.28–18.26 | 0.083 | 25.4 ± 8.7 | 25.6 ± 8.7 | − 8.76-11.79 | 0.768 | 2.218 (0.120) |