Table 2 Positional hand grip strength (HGS), normative percentiles of HGS, and endurance (HGE) by sex

Sitting HGS (kg)

Right Mean: 37.7 ± 7.9^a

Right Mean: 24.5 ± 8.4^b

Left Mean: 35.7 ± 9.5^a

Left Mean: 22.7 ± 8.2^b

Summed HGS Sitting (kg)

73.4 ± 17.4^a

47.0 ± 16.3^b

Standing HGS (kg)

Right Mean: 43.3 ± 5.4^a

Right Mean: 32.1 ± 6.6^b

Left Mean: 44.1 ± 7.3^a

Left Mean: 30.4 ± 6.4^b

Summed HGS Standing (kg)

87.4 ± 12.0^a

62.5 ± 12.6^b

 18–25 years

20th -50th

>80th

 25–30 years

–

>80th

 31–40 years

20th -50th

>80th

 41–50 years

51st-80th

51st-80th

 51–60 years

51st-80th

51st-80th

 Over 60 years

20th -50th

51st-80th

 Endurance

Right 78.7 ± 11.4 s

Right: 72.9 ± 5.3 s

Left: 67.3 ± 11.4 s

Left: 63.3 ± 5.3 s

 Endurance Difference (dominant to non-dominant hand)

11.3 ± 7.2 s

9.5 ± 3.4 s