Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the participants by age and sex, N=624

Age, median (min-max)

66.1 (65.9-68.4)

84.0 (80.9-99.2)

<0.001^b

66.7 (65.9-99.2)

66.5 (65.9-96.1)

0.325^b

 Women

225 (64.8)

188 (67.9)

0.427

-

-

 High school or less

112 (32.3)

146 (52.7)

<0.001

188 (45.5)

70 (33.2)

0.003

 Poor social support (< median)

155 (44.7)

157 (56.7)

0.003

194 (47.0)

118 (55.9)

0.034

 Poor social connection (< median)

158 (45.5)

154 (55.6)

0.012

216 (52.3)

96 (45.5)

0.108

 Any cardiovascular disease

42 (12.1)

118 (42.6)

<0.001

88 (21.3)

72 (34.1)

<0.001

 Any musculoskeletal disease

146 (42.1)

206 (74.4)

<0.001

237 (57.4)

115 (54.5)

0.492

 Any neuropsychiatric disease

58 (16.7)

55 (19.9)

0.311

83 (20.1)

30 (14.2)

0.071

 MMSE^c cut-off < 28

22 (6.3)

74 (26.7)

<0.001

59 (14.3)

37 (17.5)

0.287

 MADRS^d cut-off > 6

23 (6.6)

29 (10.5)

0.085

40 (9.7)

12 (5.7)

0.087

 Impaired mobility (< 0.8 m/seconds)

7 (2.0)

70 (25.3)

<0.001

62 (15.0)

15 (7.1)

0.005

 Impaired balance (< 5 seconds)

27 (7.8)

159 (57.4)

<0.001

122 (29.5)

64 (30.3)

0.838

 Impaired strength (≥ 17 seconds)

15 (4.3)

91 (32.9)

<0.001

72 (17.4)

34 (16.1)

0.678

 Current smoker

35 (10.1)

9 (3.2)

<0.001

25 (6.1)

19 (9.0)

0.173

 No/occasional or heavy alcohol consumption

115 (33.1)

132 (47.7)

<0.001

204 (49.4)

43 (20.4)

<0.001

 Under- or overweight (BMI^e < 20 or ≥ 25 kg/m²)

189 (54.5)

163 (58.8)

0.273

224 (54.2)

128 (60.7)

0.126

 High/moderate neuroticism

200 (57.6)

159 (57.4)

0.953

254 (61.5)

105 (49.8)

0.005

 Low extraversion

84 (24.2)

65 (23.5)

0.829

93 (22.5)

56 (26.5)

0.265

 Low openness to experience

132 (38.0)

72 (26.0)

0.001

119 (28.8)

85 (40.3)

0.004

 Insufficient PA

27 (7.8)

55 (20.4)

<0.001

52 (12.7)

30 (14.4)

0.562