Table 2 GRADE quality of evidence table for estimates using muscle power, activity-based tests, and physical activity level in daily life in older adults
Certainty assessment | Number of patients | Effect | Certainty | Importance | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of studies | Study design | Risk of bias | Inconsist-ency | Indirectness | Imprecision | Other considerations | Power training | Strength training | Relative (95% CI) | Absolute (95% CI) | ||
Muscle power (upper extremity) | ||||||||||||
6 | randomized trials | serious a | not serious b,c,d | not serious e,f,g | not serious h | all plausible residual confounding would suggest spurious effect, while no effect was observed | 90 | 90 | – | SMD 0.99 SD higher(0.34 higher to 1.65 higher) | ⨁⨁⨁⨁ HIGH | IMPORTANT |
Muscle power (lower extremity) | ||||||||||||
10 | randomized trials | serious a | very serious b,i,j | not serious e,f,g | not serious h | publication bias strongly suspected very strong association all plausible residual confounding would suggest spurious effect, while no effect was observed | 203 | 204 | – | SMD 1.00 SD higher(0.40 higher to 1.60 higher) | ⨁⨁⨁◯ MODERATE | IMPORTANT |
Generic tests | ||||||||||||
11 | randomized trials | serious a | not serious b,c,j | not serious e,f,g | not serious h | strong association all plausible residual confounding would suggest spurious effect, while no effect was observed | 424 | 429 | – | SMD 0.43 SD higher(0.23 higher to 0.62 higher) | ⨁⨁⨁⨁ HIGH | CRITICAL |
Tests with emphasis on movement speed | ||||||||||||
9 | randomized trials | serious a | not serious b,d,i | not serious e,f,g | not serious h | strong association all plausible residual confounding would suggest spurious effect, while no effect was observed | 202 | 215 | – | SMD 0.36 SD higher(0.04 higher to 0.6 higher) | ⨁⨁⨁⨁ HIGH | IMPORTANT |