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Table 1 Summary of studies about interventions for managing cognitive frailty in older people

From: The effects of interventions to enhance cognitive and physical functions in older people with cognitive frailty: a systematic review and meta-analysis

No

   

1st Author

Year

Sample Size

Age (year)

Mean/Median

 ± SD/(IQR)

Population

Name of Intervention

Control

Outcome

Timec

1

   

Liu

2018

N = 1,298

I:644

C:654

I:78.9 ± 5.3

C:79.1 ± 5.2

Age = 70–79

Healthy

Sedentary

Pre-frail/frail and MCI

LIFE

AC (Health education)

IM (IL6)

T1:24 months

2

   

Yoon

2018

N = 65

I: 32

C: 33

I:73.82 ± 4.37

C:74.03 ± 4.27

Age ≥ 65

Healthy

Pre-frail/frail and MCI

Resistance exercise training

AC (balance and resistance band stretching)

Co (MMSE, FAB, CERAD, TMT, DST, RM)

F (FFI)

PF (TUG, SPPB, GS; HG, PT)

T1:16w

3

   

Furtadoa

2020

N = 60

I:20

C(CSE):21

C:19

I:80.14 ± 8.19

C(CSE):81 ± 4.79

C:80.93 ± 10.01

Age ≥ 75

Pre-frail/frail and MCI Women

Chair multimodal exercise

UC

AC (CSE)

IM (IL6)

PF (SFTB)

N (MNA)

T1:28w

4

   

Kwan

2020

N = 33

I:16

C: 17

I:70.5(7)

C:71.0(14)

Age ≥ 60

Healthy

Pre-frail/frail and MCI

MVPA: < 150 min in the last 7 days

mHealth brisk walking intervention

AC (health education, brisk walking training, conventional behavioural intervention)

Co (MoCA)

F (FFI)

PA (WT, SC, MVPA)

PF (PASE, HG, GS)

T1:13w

5

   

Lee

2020

N = 42

I: 18

C:22

I:73.7 ± 4.6

C:74.2 ± 4.4

Age ≥ 65

Healthy

Frailty and MCI

High-speed power training

AC (health education)

Co (MMSE, FAB, FLT)

F (FFI)

PF (TUG, GS, PT, and RTD)

T1:8w

6

   

Chen

2021

N = 62

I:31

C:31

I:84.6 ± 4.2

C:84.8 ± 5.4

Age >  = 75

Healthy

Pre-frail/frail and MCI

Otago exercise programme

AC (health education)

PF (FTSST, TUG, BBS)

PS (GDS-15, SF-12 MCS)

T1:12w

7

   

Jiayuanb

2021

N = 93

I:31

C(TCC): 31

C(M):31

I (MTCC):71.3 ± 5.0

C(TCC):71.7 ± 3.9

C:70.8 ± 4.2

Age ≥ 65

Healthy

Pre-frail/frail and MCI

Tai Chi Chuan, mindfulness intervention

AC (M or TCC)

Co (MMSE)

PF (SPPB, TUG, 30 s-Chair Test)

T1:12 m

8

   

Murukesu

2021

N = 42

I:21

C:21

I:67.7 ± 4.4

C:70.8 ± 7.1

Age ≥ 60

Healthy

Pre-frail/frail and MCI

Multi-domain intervention

UC

PA (IPAQ)

PF (FAQ)

PS (FS, GHQ-12, COPE)

T1:24w

9

   

Kwan

2021

N = 17

I:9

C:8

I:73(7.5)

C:77.5(15.3)

Age ≥ 60

Healthy

Pre-frail/frail and MCI

Outdoor walker

VR reality motor-cognitive training

AC (PA and cognitive training)

Co (MoCA)

F (FFI)

PF (TUG, HS)

T1:8w

  1. AC Active care, C Control group, CERAD Consortium to Establish a Registry of Alzheimer’s Disease, CMC Chair Multimodal Exercise, Co Cognition, COPE Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced, CSE Chair Elastic-band Muscle Strength Exercise, DS Digit span test, F Frailty status, FAB Frontal Assessment Battery, FAQ Functional Activity Questionnaire, FFI Fried Frailty Index, FLT Frontal lobe test, FTSST Five times sit to stand test, GDS-15 Geriatric Depression Scale, GHQ-12 General health questionnaire, GS Gait speed, HG Hand grip strength, IM Immune marker, I Intervention group, IPAQ International physical activity questionnaire, LIFE Lifestyle interventions and independence for elders, M Mindfulness, MTCC Mindfulness-based Tai Chi Chuan, MMSE Mini Mental State Examination, MNA Mini Nutritional Assessment, MoCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MVPA Moderate to vigorous physical activity, N Nutrition, PA Physical activity, PASE Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly, PF Physical function, PT Peak torque, RM Rey 15-item memory test, RTD Rate of torque, SF-12 MCS 12-item Short Form Health Survey Mental Component Summary, SFTB Senior Fitness Test Battery, SPPB Short Physical Performance Battery, SC Step count, TCC Tai Chi Chuan, TMT Trail Making Test, TUG Time Up and Go Test, UC Usual care, VR Virtual reality, WS Walking time
  2. a CME used as the main intervention group
  3. b Mindfulness intervention used as the control group and MTCC as the main intervention group
  4. c T1 refers to the time point after the completion of the intervention
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European Review of Aging and Physical Activity

ISSN: 1861-6909

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