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Table 4 Results of the individual studies

From: The effects of interventions to enhance cognitive and physical functions in older people with cognitive frailty: a systematic review and meta-analysis

No

Author

Year

Outcome

Measurement

Effect size—within group (Hedges G)

     

T1

1

Liu

2018

Immune marker

IL6

NA

   

Cognitive frailty status

 

NA

2

Yoon

2018

Cognition

MMSE

NA

   

Cognition

FAB

0.73

   

Cognition

CERAD

NA

   

Cognition

TMT-A

0.21

   

Cognition

TMT-B

0.44

   

Cognition

DS

0.34

   

Cognition

RM

0.73

   

Frailty Status

FFI

0.97

   

Physical function

TUG

0.62

   

Physical function

SPPB

0.79

   

Physical function

Inhibitory control

4.11

   

Physical function

Hand grip strength

1.76

   

Physical function

PT

0.19

   

Physical function

RTD

0.32

3

Furtadoa

2020

Immune marker

IL6

0.18

   

Physical function-SFTB

30 s chair and stand test

1.02

   

Physical function-SFTB

30 s arm curl test

1.06

   

Physical function-SFTB

2 min step test

0.69

   

Physical function-SFTB

chair seat and reach

0.39

   

Nutrition

MNA

NA

4

Kwan

2020

Cognition

MoCA

0.47

   

Frailty status

FFI

1.48

   

Physical activity

WT (min/Day)

0.54

   

Physical activity

SC (Step/Day)

0.59

   

Physical activity

MVPA

0.319

   

Physical activity

PASE

1.01

   

Physical function

Hand grip strength

0.52

   

Physical function

Gait speed

1.46

5

Lee

2020

Cognition

MMSE

NA

   

Cognition

FAB

0.345

   

Cognition-FLT

Conceptualization

0.26

   

Cognition-FLT

Mental flexibility

0.14

   

Cognition-FLT

Motor programming

0.76

   

Cognition-FLT

Self-control of behaviour

0.13

   

Cognition-FLT

Inhibitory control

0.11

   

Cognition-FLT

Primitive reflex

0.14

   

Frailty status

FFI

NA

   

Physical function

TUG

NA

   

Physical function

Gait speed

NA

   

Physical function

PT

0.40

   

Physical function

RTD

2.47

6

Chen

2021

Physical function

FTSST

0.62

   

Physical function

TUG

0.64

   

Physical function

Berg balance score

3.78

   

Psychosocial fitness

GDS-15

0.31

   

Psychosocial fitness

SF-12 MCS

0.30

7

Jiayuanb

2021

Cognition

MMSE

0.76

   

Physical function

SPPB

0.69

   

Physical function

TUG

2.22

   

Physical function

30 s chair test

0.66

8

Murukesu

2021

Physical activity

IPAQ

0.28

   

physical function

FAQ

3.62

   

Psychosocial fitness

Flourishing scale

0.17

    

GHQ-12

0.06

    

COPE

0.16

9

Kwan

2021

Cognition

MoCA

1.19

   

Frailty status

FFI

1.29

   

Physical function

TUG

1.07

   

Physical function

Hand grip strength

0.20

  1. CERAD Consortium to Establish a Registry of Alzheimer’s Disease, COPE Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced, DS Digit span test, FAB Frontal Assessment Battery, FAQ Functional Activity Questionnaire, FLT Frontal lobe test, FFI Fried Frailty Index, FTSST Five time sit to stand test, GDS-15 Geriatric Depression Scale, GHQ-12 General health questionnaire, IPAQ International physical activity questionnaire, MMSE Mini Mental State Examination, MNA Mini Nutritional Assessment, MoCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MVPA Moderate to vigorous physical activity, PASE Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly, PT Peak torque, RM Rey 15-item memory test, RTD Rate of torque, TMT Trail Making Test, TUG Time Up and Go Test, SC Step count, SF-12 MCS 12-item Short Form Health Survey Mental Component Summary, SFTB Senior Fitness Test Battery, SPPB Short Physical Performance Battery, WS Walking time
  2. a CME used as the main intervention group
  3. b mindfulness intervention used as the control group and MTCC as the main intervention group
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European Review of Aging and Physical Activity

ISSN: 1861-6909

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