Table 2 Mean (standard deviation) of lower extremity kinematics and kinetics during the stance phase of gait
From: The effect of exercise modality on age-related changes observed during running
Running | Resistance Training | Swim/Cycle | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Young | Older | |||
Kinematics (°) | ||||
Ankle IC | 1.71 (5.10) | 3.52 (4.42) | 3.60 (6.26) | 2.48 (3.64) |
Ankle Peak | 21.17 (1.65) | 21.94 (1.68) | 22.36 (3.50) | 21.06 (2.03) |
Ankle ROM | 19.46 (4.93) | 18.42 (3.81) | 22.69 (11.75) | 18.58 (3.94) |
Knee IC | -17.39 (2.38) | -18.80 (3.10) | -17.44 (2.91) | -17.29 (4.74) |
Knee Peak | -41.69 (2.38) | -41.63 (2.63) | -42.89 (4.89) | -40.68 (3.88) |
Knee ROM | 24.30 (2.84) | 22.83 (2.79) | 26.70 (7.69) | 23.39 (3.95) |
Hip IC | 46.10 (4.77) | 46.83 (6.60) | 45.94 (6.60) | 45.66 (5.69) |
Hip ROM | 44.74 (5.80) | 45.27 (4.38) | 45.87 (6.15) | 45.25 (8.47) |
Kinetics | ||||
Peak vGRF (N/BW) | 2.52 (0.16)● | 2.34 (0.20) | 2.60 (0.37)● | 2.44 (0.26) |
Peak PF moment (Nm/kg) | -2.74 (0.30) | -2.54 (0.33) | -2.76 (0.58) | -2.71 (0.55) |
Peak KE moment (Nm/kg) | 2.41 (0.37)● | 2.15 (0.21) | 2.71 (0.91) | 2.43 (0.51) |
Peak HE moment (Nm/kg) | -2.50 (0.45) | -2.66 (0.78) | -2.84 (1.35) | -2.77 (0.98) |
Max ankle power (W/kg) | 14.26 (2.79) | 12.32 (2.20) | 14.61 (3.39) | 14.00 (3.15) |
Max knee power (W/kg) | 5.34 (1.10) | 4.80 (0.59) | 6.83 (2.87) * | 5.75 (1.56)● |
Max hip power (W/kg) | 3.76 (1.25) | 4.65 (1.36) | 4.55 (2.27) | 4.19 (1.26) |
Positive ankle work (J/kg) | 0.14 (0.03) | 0.14 (0.2) | 0.15 (0.04) | 0.15 (0.03) |
Positive knee work (J/kg) | 0.05 (0.01) | 0.05 (0.01) | 0.06 (0.02) | 0.05 (0.02) |
Positive hip work (J/kg) | 0.04 (0.02) | 0.06 (0.02) | 0.05 (0.01) | 0.05 (0.01) |