Table 1 Cardiac biomarkers by characteristics of study participants, stratified by subclinical cardiac damage and PA time
hs-cTnT (pg/mL) | NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No subclinical cardiac damagea | Subclinical cardiac damagea | No subclinical cardiac damagea | Subclinical cardiac damagea | |||||||||||||
Low PA timeb | High PA timeb | Low PA timeb | High PA timeb | Low PA timeb | High PA timeb | Low PA timeb | High PA timeb | |||||||||
n | GM (GSD) | n | GM (GSD) | n | GM (GSD) | n | GM (GSD) | n | GM (GSD) | n | GM (GSD) | n | GM (GSD) | n | GM (GSD) | |
Total | 438 | 8.19 (1.36) | 452 | 7.76 (1.36) | 532 | 12.22 (1.63) | 517 | 11.23 (1.55) | 438 | 50.43 (1.70) | 452 | 45.96 (1.64) | 532 | 127.57 (1.99) | 517 | 120.90 (1.78) |
Sex | ||||||||||||||||
Men | 267 | 9.33 (1.31) | 234 | 9.21 (1.32) | 190 | 13.61 (1.66) | 169 | 12.33 (1.54) | 267 | 47.55 (1.68) | 234 | 42.85 (1.65) | 190 | 132.19 (2.17) | 169 | 121.52 (1.88) |
Women | 171 | 6.69 (1.23) | 218 | 6.54 (1.25) | 342 | 10.09 (1.56) | 348 | 8.83 (1.50) | 171 | 55.29 (1.72) | 218 | 49.56 (1.62) | 342 | 125.07 (1.88) | 348 | 120.61 (1.73) |
Age (years) | ||||||||||||||||
65–70 | 189 | 7.89 (1.33) | 284 | 7.44 (1.36) | 174 | 9.74 (1.54) | 233 | 8.57 (1.49) | 189 | 41.94 (1.46) | 284 | 42.01 (1.57) | 174 | 111.51 (1.85) | 233 | 115.32 (1.66) |
≥70 | 249 | 8.43 (1.34) | 168 | 8.46 (1.33) | 358 | 12.03 (1.65) | 284 | 11.02 (1.56) | 249 | 58.01 (1.80) | 168 | 53.51 (1.70) | 358 | 136.19 (2.03) | 284 | 125.69 (1.87) |
Educational level | ||||||||||||||||
≤ Primary | 248 | 8.18 (1.34) | 289 | 7.83 (1.35) | 343 | 11.53 (1.69) | 352 | 9.89 (1.55) | 248 | 51.69 (1.74) | 289 | 47.12 (1.62) | 343 | 126.21 (2.01) | 352 | 122.04 (1.82) |
Secondary | 97 | 8.30 (1.35) | 83 | 7.69 (1.40) | 90 | 11.10 (1.53) | 89 | 9.82 (1.57) | 97 | 48.62 (1.60) | 83 | 42.13 (1.71) | 90 | 127.95 (2.15) | 89 | 116.88 (1.69) |
University | 93 | 8.12 (1.32) | 80 | 7.84 (1.36) | 99 | 10.34 (1.52) | 76 | 9.66 (1.58) | 93 | 49.06 (1.71) | 80 | 45.99 (1.65) | 99 | 132.06 (1.74) | 76 | 120.47 (1.74) |
Tobacco smoking | ||||||||||||||||
Non-smoker | 202 | 7.80 (1.35) | 215 | 7.44 (1.33) | 316 | 10.93 (1.65) | 310 | 9.68 (1.55) | 202 | 54.79 (1.73) | 215 | 45.59 (1.65) | 316 | 126.11 (1.98) | 310 | 119.85 (1.84) |
Former smoker | 180 | 8.61 (1.32) | 200 | 8.11 (1.36) | 165 | 11.79 (1.59) | 168 | 9.95 (1.60) | 180 | 46.33 (1.66) | 200 | 45.75 (1.62) | 165 | 122.20 (1.94) | 168 | 115.74 (1.65) |
Current smoker | 56 | 8.35 (1.35) | 37 | 8.35 (1.41) | 51 | 11.29 (1.62) | 39 | 10.75 (1.44) | 56 | 49.14 (1.70) | 37 | 49.45 (1.74) | 51 | 157.46 (2.12) | 39 | 156.44 (1.78) |
Alcohol consumption | ||||||||||||||||
Non- drinker | 76 | 7.39 (1.29) | 66 | 7.14 (1.28) | 132 | 11.60 (1.75) | 103 | 9.22 (1.53) | 76 | 57.55 (1.75) | 66 | 50.31 (1.53) | 132 | 136.81 (2.03) | 103 | 117.04 (1.66) |
Former drinker | 21 | 8.17 (1.36) | 22 | 7.68 (1.25) | 39 | 13.16 (1.99) | 33 | 10.70 (1.52) | 21 | 49.54 (1.74) | 22 | 47.08 (1.59) | 39 | 140.49 (2.10) | 33 | 117.79 (1.66) |
Moderate drinkerc | 238 | 8.29 (1.35) | 240 | 7.78 (1.38) | 268 | 10.76 (1.54) | 264 | 9.94 (1.54) | 238 | 49.71 (1.68) | 240 | 46.70 (1.63) | 268 | 123.14 (1.96) | 264 | 117.10 (1.77) |
Heavy drinker | 103 | 8.60 (1.34) | 124 | 8.26 (1.37) | 93 | 11.33 (1.56) | 117 | 9.96 (1.62) | 103 | 47.46 (1.68) | 124 | 42.31 (1.73) | 93 | 122.83 (1.94) | 117 | 134.69 (1.94) |
MEDAS score (0–14) | ||||||||||||||||
≤6 | 164 | 8.15 (1.35) | 137 | 7.70 (1.36) | 184 | 11.64 (1.75) | 173 | 9.68 (1.57) | 164 | 48.79 (1.75) | 137 | 45.71 (1.63) | 184 | 125.48 (2.00) | 173 | 118.97 (1.76) |
7–8 | 186 | 8.16 (1.33) | 189 | 7.74 (1.35) | 256 | 11.01 (1.57) | 232 | 9.88 (1.56) | 186 | 51.30 (1.71) | 189 | 47.20 (1.57) | 256 | 128.38 (1.97) | 232 | 118.42 (1.75) |
≥9 | 88 | 8.35 (1.34) | 126 | 8.02 (1.37) | 92 | 11.04 (1.56) | 112 | 10.02 (1.54) | 88 | 51.75 (1.59) | 126 | 44.44 (1.77) | 92 | 129.54 (2.02) | 112 | 129.40 (1.87) |
Energy intake (kcal/day) | ||||||||||||||||
< 1800 | 120 | 7.29 (1.32) | 130 | 6.92 (1.30) | 227 | 10.77 (1.76) | 180 | 8.86 (1.48) | 120 | 56.93 (1.81) | 130 | 45.75 (1.58) | 227 | 129.81 (2.04) | 180 | 121.83 (1.72) |
180–2050 | 161 | 8.34 (1.34) | 137 | 7.62 (1.36) | 162 | 11.54 (1.56) | 198 | 10.05 (1.55) | 161 | 48.77 (1.69) | 137 | 47.06 (1.65) | 162 | 131.95 (1.97) | 198 | 123.43 (1.85) |
> 2050 | 157 | 8.79 (1.33) | 185 | 8.64 (1.35) | 143 | 11.62 (1.50) | 139 | 10.94 (1.63) | 157 | 47.58 (1.61) | 185 | 45.32 (1.69) | 143 | 119.44 (1.91) | 139 | 116.24 (1.76) |
BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||||||||||||
< 25 | 103 | 8.07 (1.35) | 138 | 7.58 (1.35) | 127 | 10.92 (1.65) | 172 | 9.40 (1.51) | 103 | 56.11 (1.65) | 138 | 48.47 (1.68) | 127 | 133.58 (1.92) | 172 | 127.01 (1.70) |
25–30 | 227 | 8.28 (1.34) | 237 | 7.85 (1.36) | 232 | 10.99 (1.65) | 232 | 10.30 (1.59) | 227 | 50.39 (1.68) | 237 | 45.80 (1.62) | 232 | 121.96 (1.95) | 232 | 115.65 (1.86) |
≥30 | 108 | 8.14 (1.34) | 77 | 8.08 (1.37) | 173 | 11.78 (1.59) | 173 | 9.59 (1.56) | 108 | 45.63 (1.78) | 77 | 42.25 (1.66) | 173 | 131.00 (2.08) | 173 | 123.31 (1.73) |
SBP (mmHg) | ||||||||||||||||
< 130 | 178 | 8.13 (1.37) | 201 | 7.50 (1.37) | 201 | 10.76 (1.63) | 226 | 9.57 (1.52) | 178 | 52.74 (1.73) | 201 | 44.37 (1.66) | 201 | 120.68 (1.88) | 226 | 114.91 (1.74) |
≥130 | 260 | 8.23 (1.32) | 251 | 8.06 (1.34) | 331 | 11.52 (1.63) | 291 | 10.06 (1.59) | 260 | 48.91 (1.68) | 251 | 47.29 (1.63) | 331 | 131.94 (2.04) | 291 | 125.77 (1.81) |
Serum glucose (mg/dL) | ||||||||||||||||
< 100 | 267 | 7.96 (1.35) | 302 | 7.64 (1.37) | 339 | 10.71 (1.59) | 380 | 9.53 (1.53) | 267 | 52.76 (1.72) | 302 | 47.04 (1.62) | 339 | 132.41 (1.93) | 380 | 122.67 (1.74) |
≥100 | 171 | 8.58 (1.33) | 150 | 8.15 (1.33) | 193 | 12.20 (1.69) | 137 | 10.76 (1.63) | 171 | 47.00 (1.67) | 150 | 43.87 (1.69) | 193 | 119.49 (2.07) | 137 | 116.14 (1.89) |
Serum LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | ||||||||||||||||
< 130 | 319 | 8.39 (1.35) | 286 | 7.91 (1.37) | 381 | 11.75 (1.63) | 339 | 10.31 (1.58) | 319 | 51.69 (1.72) | 286 | 45.81 (1.69) | 381 | 132.71 (2.00) | 339 | 119.61 (1.79) |
≥130 | 119 | 7.69 (1.32) | 166 | 7.63 (1.33) | 151 | 10.00 (1.62) | 178 | 9.01 (1.50) | 119 | 47.20 (1.66) | 166 | 46.24 (1.57) | 151 | 115.47 (1.93) | 178 | 123.41 (1.77) |
eGFRd (mL/min/1.73m2) | ||||||||||||||||
≥60 | 427 | 8.18 (1.34) | 444 | 7.77 (1.36) | 481 | 10.72 (1.58) | 489 | 9.75 (1.56) | 427 | 50.30 (1.70) | 444 | 45.80 (1.64) | 481 | 123.22 (1.94) | 489 | 120.04 (1.77) |
< 60 | 11 | 8.81 (1.37) | 8 | 10.11 (1.18) | 51 | 17.29 (1.81) | 28 | 11.70 (1.49) | 11 | 55.66 (1.63) | 8 | 56.07 (1.75) | 51 | 176.98 (2.21) | 28 | 137.13 (1.90) |