Table 2 Meta-data extracted from reviews
Author, year, reference | Type of exercise | Cognitive domain | Chronic/acute exercise | Effect size Cohens d or Hedges g# | lower limit | upper limit | SE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Angevaren et al., 2008 [7] | Aerobic (control group no exercise) | Attention (Auditory) | unclear | 0.52 | 0.13 | 0.91 | 0.20 |
Angevaren et al., 2008 [7] | Aerobic (control group no exercise) | Attention (Visual) | unclear | 0.09 | -0.2 | 0.39 | 0.15 |
Angevaren et al., 2008 [7] | Aerobic (control group no exercise) | Executive functioning | unclear | 0.23 | -0.09 | 0.56 | 0.17 |
Angevaren et al., 2008 [7] | Aerobic (control group no exercise) | Memory (Verbal) | unclear | 0.06 | -0.3 | 0.42 | 0.18 |
Angevaren et al., 2008 [7] | Aerobic (control group no exercise) | Memory (Visual) | unclear | -0.15 | -0.58 | 0.29 | 0.22 |
Angevaren et al., 2008 [7] | Aerobic (control group no exercise) | Memory (Working) | unclear | 0.49 | -0.76 | 1.73 | 0.64 |
Angevaren et al., 2008 [7] | Aerobic (control group no exercise) | Memory (memory functions) | unclear | -0.55 | -2.11 | 1 | 0.79 |
Angevaren et al., 2008 [7] | Aerobic (control group no exercise) | Processing speed | unclear | 0.1 | -0.16 | 0.36 | 0.13 |
Angevaren et al., 2008 [7] | Aerobic (control group any other intervention) | Attention (Auditory) | unclear | 0.05 | -0.45 | 0.54 | 0.25 |
Angevaren et al., 2008 [7] | Aerobic (control group any other intervention) | Attention (Visual) | unclear | 0.26 | 0.02 | 0.49 | 0.12 |
Angevaren et al., 2008 [7] | Aerobic (control group any other intervention) | Executive functioning | unclear | 0.16 | -0.2 | 0.51 | 0.18 |
Angevaren et al., 2008 [7] | Aerobic (control group any other intervention) | Memory (Verbal) | unclear | 0.17 | 0.1 | 0.44 | 0.09 |
Angevaren et al., 2008 [7] | Aerobic (control group any other intervention) | Memory (Visual) | unclear | 0.04 | -1.66 | 1.75 | 0.87 |
Angevaren et al., 2008 [7] | Aerobic (control group any other intervention) | Memory (Working) | unclear | 0.36 | -0.31 | 1.03 | 0.34 |
Angevaren et al., 2008 [7] | Aerobic (control group any other intervention) | Memory (Memory functions) | unclear | 0.5 | -0.44 | 1.44 | 0.48 |
Angevaren et al., 2008 [7] | Aerobic (control group any other intervention) | Processing speed | unclear | 0.24 | 0.01 | 0.46 | 0.11 |
Bhattacharyya et al., 2021 [9] | Mind–body | Memory | Chronic | 0.4 | 0.17 | 0.62 | 0.11 |
Bhattacharyya et al., 2021 [9] | Mind–body | Processing speed | Chronic | 0.39 | 0.15 | 0.64 | 0.13 |
Bhattacharyya et al., 2021 [9] | Mind–body | Executive functioning | Chronic | 0.39 | 0.21 | 0.56 | 0.09 |
Chen et al., 2020 [10] | All types (aerobic. mind–body. resistance) | Executive functioning | Chronic | 0.26# | 0.2 | 0.32 | 0.03 |
Clifford et al., 2022 [45] | Aerobic | Global cognition and Memory | Chronic | -,190 | -,650 | -,270 | 0,23 |
Coelho-Junior et al., 2022 [8] | Resistance | Global cognition | Acute | ,540 | ,000 | 1,080 | 0,28 |
Coelho-Junior et al., 2022 [8] | Resistance | Attention | Chronic | 0.05 | -0.28 | 0.38 | 0.17 |
Coelho-Junior et al., 2022 [8] | Resistance | Memory (short-term memory) | Chronic | -0.2 | -0.25 | -0.15 | 0.03 |
Falk et al., 2019 [40] | All types (aerobic. mind–body. resistance) | Global cognition | Chronic | ,310# | ,200 | ,430 | 0,06 |
Gasquoine and Chen, 2022 [41] | All types (aerobic. resistance. combination) | Memory | Chronic | 0.14# | -0.03 | 0.32 | 0.09 |
Gasquoine and Chen, 2022 [41] | All types (aerobic. resistance. combination) | Processing speed | Chronic | 0.17# | 0.01 | 0.32 | 0.08 |
Gasquoine and Chen, 2022 [41] | All types (aerobic. resistance. combination) | Executive functioning | Chronic | -0.35# | -0.99 | 0.29 | 0.33 |
Gasquoine and Chen, 2022 [41] | All types (aerobic. resistance. combination) | Processing speed | Chronic | -0.56# | -1.8 | 0.69 | 0.64 |
Gasquoine and Chen, 2022 [41] | All types (aerobic. resistance. combination) | Memory | Chronic | 0.11# | -0.09 | 0.31 | 0.10 |
Gasquoine and Chen, 2022 [41] | All types (aerobic. resistance. combination) | Executive functioning | Chronic | -0.05# | -0.21 | 0.1 | 0.08 |
Jiang et al., 2022 [47] | Aerobic | Executive functioning | Chronic | ,365 | ,179 | ,550 | 0,09 |
Loprinzi et al., 2019 [48] | Aerobic (exercise immediatly prior to memory test) | Memory | Acute | -0.53 | -0.88 | -0.18 | 0.18 |
Loprinzi et al., 2019 [48] | Aerobic (exercise during memory test) | Memory | Acute | -0.93 | -1.76 | -0.15 | 0.41 |
Ma et al., 2023 [13] | Aerobic | Global cognition | Chronic | ,460 | ,040 | ,880 | 0,21 |
Martins et al., 2022 [49] | Resistance | Global cognition | Chronic | ,940 | ,200 | 1,680 | 0,38 |
Roig et al., 2013 [14] | Aerobic (long-term exercise) | Memory (short-term memory) | Chronic | 0.1 | -0.03 | 0.23 | 0.07 |
Roig et al., 2013 [14] | Aerobic (longterm memory) | Memory (long-term) | Chronic | ,080 | -,140 | ,310 | 0,11 |
Roig et al., 2013 [14] | Aerobic (longterm memory)) | Memory (long term) | Acute | ,970 | ,040 | 1,890 | 0,47 |
Scherder et al., 2014 [50] | Aerobic | Executive functioning | Chronic | 0.36 | 0.16 | 0.55 | 0.10 |
Wang et al., 2021 [51] | Aerobic | Executive functioning | Chronic | -0.14 | -0.95 | 0.67 | 0.41 |
Xiong et al., 2021 [39] | Aerobic | Memory | Chronic | 0.186# | 0.014 | 0.358 | 0.09 |
Xiong et al., 2021 [39] | Mind–body | Memory | Chronic | 0.348# | 0.079 | 0.617 | 0.14 |
Ye et al., 2021 [32] | Mind–body | Memory (General memory) | Chronic | 1.24 | 0.38 | 2.09 | 0.44 |
Ye et al., 2021 [32] | Mind–body | Memory (short-term memory) | Chronic | 0.51 | 0.1 | 0.93 | 0.21 |
Ye et al., 2021 [32] | Mind–body | Memory (Working memory) | Chronic | 0.28 | 0.07 | 0.49 | 0.11 |
Ye et al., 2021 [32] | Mind–body | Memory (Long-term memory) | Chronic | 0.78 | 0.57 | 0.99 | 0.11 |
Zhao et al., 2022 [52] | Aerobic | Global cognition | Chronic | 1,020 | -,250 | 2,300 | 0,65 |
Zhidong et al., 2021 [53] | All types | Memory | Chronic | ,300 | ,230 | ,360 | 0,03 |
Zhu et al., 2023 [54] | Aerobic | Memory | Chronic | ,351 | ,207 | ,514 | 0,08 |