Table 2 Measures of objective physical performance, cognition, emotion, and subjective physical performance by sex (n = 448)

Dependent variable

 Barthel (n = 402)

76.7 ± 18.6

73.2 ± 19.0

1.39, .003

3.20, .008

Independent Variables

 Objective physical performance

  Grip strength dominant hand (kg) (n = 431)

23.3 ± 8.59

13.9 ± 6.28

50.7**, .170

25.2**, .092

  Functional Reach diff (cm) (n = 365)

33.1 ± 13.0

28.3 ± 11.4

4.69*, .019

5.73*, .023

 Gait speed (m/s)

  preferred (n = 332)

0.64 ± 0.29

0.60 ± 0.26

0.23, .001

12.3**, .047

  fast (n = 327)

0.80 ± 0.39

0.74 ± 0.33

0.53, .002

8.19**, .032

 SPPB

  Chair Stand (n = 396)

1.10 ± 1.12

0.96 ± 1.22

0.07, .001

11.1**, 043

  Balance Score (n = 421)

2.21 ± 1.30

1.77 ± 1.14

1.12, .004

7.69**, .030

 Gait speed of SPPB (m/s) (n = 404)

  Total (n = 396)

2.24 ± 1.20

2.14 ± 1.07

0.02, 0.001

14.8**, .056

5.33 ± 2.70

4.66 ± 2.60

0.43, .002

20.3**, .075

 Cognitive performance

  MOCA (n = 423)

15.6 ± 6.04

14.4 ± 6.76

0.13, .001

0.10, .001

 ST (number/time)

  1er (n = 325)

0.46 ± 0.27

0.44 ± 0.27

0.03, .001

0.04, .001

  3er (n = 322)

0.26 ± 0.21

0.23 ± 0.19

0.21, .001

0.62, .002

 DT (number/time)

  1er (n = 290)

0.35 ± 0.29

0.37 ± 0.29

0.87, .003

0.01, .001

  3er (n = 282)

0.21 ± 0.18

0.22 ± 0.20

0.42, .002

0.03, .001

 Subjective performance

  FESI (n = 401)

11.2 ± 4.31

11.8 ± 4.73

1.13, .003

0.21, .001

  SF12 physical health status (n = 413)

41.4 ± 10.0

40.4 ± 10.1

1.37, .004

0.66, .002

 Emotion

  CESD (n = 379)

6.93 ± 3.92

6.03 ± 3.97

3.16, .009

3.67, .010

  SF12 mental health status (n = 413)

50.9 ± 10.3

51.0 ± 9.90

1.12, .003

0.66, .002

  SWLS (n = 409)

24.6 ± 6.83

24.9 ± 6.29

0.15, .001

4.57*, .013