Table 1 Outcome measures

Primary Endpoints

  Maximum knee extension strength

Maximum and relative isometric knee extension strenght in seated leg extension machine (Edition-Line, gym80, Gelsenkirchen, Germany) with force transducer (mechaTronic, Hamm, Germany)

[N] and [N/kg]

  Reactive balance performance, eyes open

Postural sway upon perturbation on two-dimensional platform (Posturomed, Haider Bioswing, Pullenreuther, Germany) with acceleration sensor (MicroSwing®6, Haider Bioswing, Pullenreuth, Germany)

[mm]

  Dual task gait speed

8m habitual gait speed while counting backwards in steps of three, measured with photoelectric time gates (DLS/F03, Sportronic, Leutenbach-Nellmersbach, Germany)

[m/s]

  Agility^a

Total and split times of the ACE measured with photoelectric time gates (DLS/F03, Sportronic, Leutenbach-Nellmersbach, Germany)

[s]

Secondary Endpoints

 Neuromuscular

  Maximum leg curl strength

Maximum and relative isometric leg curls strenght in prone leg curl machine (Edition-Line, gym80, Gelsenkirchen, Germany) with force transducer (mechaTronic, Hamm, Germany)

[N] and [N/kg]

  Maximum handgrip strength

Maximum and relative isometric hangrip strength in standing upright position measured with hand dynamometer (Digimax, Hamm, Germany) with force transducer (mechaTronic, Hamm, Germany)

[N] and [N/kg]

  Explosive strength of lower extremeties

CMJ height on force plate (FP4060-15 Bertec, Columbus, OH, USA)

[m]

  Reactive balance performance, eyes closed

Postural sway upon perturbation on two-dimensional platform (Posturomed, Haider Bioswing, Pullenreuther, Germany) with acceleration sensor (MicroSwing®6, Haider Bioswing, Pullenreuth, Germany)

[mm]

  Static balance performance, higher support

Total sway of the COP in tandem stance on force plate (FP4060-15 Bertec, Columbus, OH, USA)

[m]

  Static balance performance, lower support

Total sway of the center of pressure in one-legged stance (COP) on force plate (FP4060-15 Bertec, Columbus, OH, USA)

[m]

  Gait speed

8m habitual gait speed measured with photoelectric time gates (DLS/F03, Sportronic, Leutenbach-Nellmersbach, Germany)

[m/s]

  Triple task gait speed

8m habitual gait speed while counting backwards in steps of three and simultaneously carrying a glass filled with water (to ¾), measured with photoelectric time gates (DLS/F03, Sportronic, Leutenbach-Nellmersbach, Germany)

[m/s]

 Cardiovasular

  Aerobic capacity^a

VO2max(rel) (Cortex Metamax, Leipzig, Germany) during spiroergometric test on a cycle ergometer (Ergoline, Bitz, Germany)

[ml/min/kg]

 Cognitiv

  Inhibitory control^a

Eriksen-Flanker task accuracy (congruent and incongruent trials) and reaction time (congruent and incongruent trials)

[% correct] and [ms]

  Working memory^a

N-back task Hit rate and reaction time (target and non-target)

[% correct targets/error rate] and [ms]