Table 1 Means ± Standard Deviations of characteristics of the study participants and the GI variable per group and results of ANOVA on differences between the means

Age (years)

72.89 ± 6.02

75.07 ± 4.73

78.91 ± 7.62

4.22

0.019

0.13

Height (cm)

168.56 ± 7.37

166.86 ± 6.67

166.55 ± 9.58

0.43

0.653

0.02

Weight (kg)

73.55 ± 14.14

76.38 ± 16.93

74.66 ± 20.94

0.16

0.856

0.01

BMI (kg/m²)

25.71 ± 3.56

27.31 ± 5.04

26.76 ± 6.24

0.73

0.488

0.02

Test scores

FES-I

17.81 ± 1.72

19.31 ± 2.84

22.91 ± 7.71

7.90*

< 0.001

0.22

ABC

95.44 ± 5.84

86.79 ± 10.21

68.70 ± 22.87

22.69

< 0.001

0.44

GI variables

Release phase duration (s)

0.25 ± 0.04

0.23 ± 0.03

0.24 ± 0.05

1.32

0.274

0.04

Unloading phase duration (s)

0.28 ± 0.05

0.31 ± 0.09

0.34 ± 0.06

4.38

0.017

0.13

Single support phase duration (s)

0.40 ± 0.04

0.40 ± 0.05

0.43 ± 0.05

2.73

0.074

0.09

Double support phase duration (s)

0.16 ± 0.05

0.18 ± 0.05

0.21 ± 0.05

4.85

0.011

0.14

Total duration (s)

1.08 ± 0.11

1.12 ± 0.15

1.22 ± 0.13

6.05

0.004

0.17

Step length step 1 (m)

0.58 ± 0.08

0.50 ± 0.09

0.44 ± 0.07

14.13

<  0.001

0.33

Max. FC during the first step (cm)

4.30 ± 1.26

3.79 ± 0.10

4.16 ± 1.29

0.92

0.403

0.03