Table 1 Characteristics of study participants

Unweighted number (weighted %)

7558 (100.00)

2908 (38.64)

1070 (13.87)

2192 (28.91)

2481 (32.31)

Age (years)

72.45 ± 0.08

71.88 ± 0.12

73.63 ± 0.17

72.98 ± 0.13

72.50 ± 0.12

Body mass index (kg/m²)

24.19 ± 0.04

23.93 ± 0.07

24.51 ± 0.11

24.79 ± 0.08

24.35 ± 0.07

Female sex (%)

55.31 (0.61)

66.00 (0.98)

47.93 (1.71)

54.44 (1.20)

39.02 (1.05)

Excessive alcohol (%)

6.44 (0.33)

6.11 (0.51)

4.56 (0.72)

7.00 (0.64)

8.63 (0.67)

Smoking (%)

 Never

61.52 (0.62)

71.01 (0.99)

53.52 (1.66)

60.02 (1.19)

47.72 (1.07)

 Past

28.97 (0.57)

21.91 (0.88)

35.94 (1.61)

29.78 (1.12)

38.74 (1.07)

 Current

9.51 (0.42)

7.08 (0.65)

10.54 (1.06)

10.20 (0.73)

13.54 (0.79)

Having an occupation (%)

33.27 (0.74)

35.03 (1.12)

26.53 (1.62)

30.77 (1.23)

36.00 (1.17)

Residence (%)

 Urban

76.40 (1.61)

76.09 (1.86)

76.34 (2.01)

76.86 (1.71)

76.33 (1.80)

 Rural

23.60 (1.61)

23.91 (1.86)

23.66 (2.01)

23.14 (1.71)

23.67 (1.80)

Education (%)

 Middle school or lower

71.82 (0.81)

73.48 (1.17)

73.60 (1.63)

74.28 (1.16)

67.17 (1.22)

 High school or higher

28.18 (0.81)

26.52 (1.17)

26.40 (1.63)

25.72 (1.16)

32.83 (1.22)

Depression (%)

6.42 (0.33)

6.74 (0.57)

8.34 (0.92)

6.82 (0.62)

5.07 (0.49)

Cancer (%)

10.46 (0.41)

0.00 (0.00)

9.09 (1.06)

10.49 (0.76)

9.51 (0.65)