Table 2 Characteristics of the studies included and TESTEX and STARDHRV score
Author, year | Participants (sample size, age [year], gender) | HRV protocol (method, respiration, position, sampling frequency) | Analysis length | Intervention (type, duration, sessions/week) | Control group | TESTEX | STARDHRV |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Endurance training | |||||||
Albinet et al., 2016 [56] | 32 | Polar RS800 chest belt | 256 NN intervals | Endurance (aquaerobics & swimming) | yes (stretching) | 10.5 | 19.5 |
Age: 67 ± 5 | n.r. | 21 weeks | |||||
26 women, 6 men | sitting n.r. | 2 sessions | |||||
Albinet et al., 2010 [5] | 24 | Polar RS800 chest belt | 256 NN intervals | Endurance (walking, circuit-training, stepping & running) | yes (stretching) | 11 | 21 |
Age: 70.7 ± 4.2 | n.r. | 12 weeks | |||||
13 women, 9 men | sitting n.r. | 3 sessions | |||||
Okazaki et al., 2005 [57] | 10 | ECG | 6 min in each breathing mode | Endurance (walking, running, swimming & cycling) | no | 4.5 | 20.5 |
Age: 71.3 ± 3.0 | spontaneous & paced (12 breaths/min) | 12 months | |||||
4 women, 6 men | supine 1.000 Hz | 3 sessions | |||||
Wanderley et al., 2013 [22]e | 50 | PolarNV vantage chest belt | 5 min | Endurance (walking, stepping, dancing) | yes | 10 | 18.5 |
Age: 68.6 ± 5.7 | spontaneous | 8 months | |||||
39 women, 11 men | supine n.r. | 3 sessions | |||||
Resistance training | |||||||
Gerage et al., 2013 [58] | 29 | Polar s810i chest belt | 5 min | Resistance | yes (stretching) | 12.5 | 22.5 |
Age: 65.9 ± 4.6 | spontaneous | 12 weeks | |||||
100% women | Sitting n.r. | 3 session | |||||
Kanegusuku et al., 2015 [18] | 25 | ECG | 5 min | High-intensity progressive resistance training | yes | 9.5 | 23 |
Age: 63.5 | n.r. | 16 weeks | |||||
18 women, 7 men | sitting 500 Hz | 2 sessions | |||||
Wanderley et al., 2013 [22] | 50 | PolarNV vantage chest belt | 5 min | Whole-body resistance | yes | 10 | 18.5 |
Age: 68.6 ± 5.7 | spontaneous | 8 months | |||||
39 women, 11 men | supine n.r. | 3 sessions | |||||
Coordinative training | |||||||
Audette et al., 2006 [21] | 19 | ECG | 5 min | Coordinative (Tai Chi) | yes | 8.5 | 18.5 |
Age: 72.3 | spontaneous | 12 weeks | |||||
100% women | n.r. n.r. | 3 sessions | |||||
Varas-Diaz et al., 2020 [20] | 20 | Polar RS800CX chest belt | 5 min | Coordinative (dancing) | yes | 10.5 | 19.5 |
Age: 68.6 ± 5.7 | n.r. | 6 weeks | |||||
7 women, 13 men | supine 1.000 Hz | 5 (week 1–2), 3 (week 3–4) & 2 sessions (week 5–6) | |||||
Multimodal training | |||||||
Eggenberger et al., 2020 [59] | 70 | Polar RS800CX chest belt | 5 min | Multimodal (DG: dancing, resistance & balance; MG: treadmill walking, memory training, resistance & balance; TG: treadmill walking, resistance & balance) | no | 7 | 21 |
Age: 78.8 | n.r. | 26 weeks | |||||
45 women, 25 men | sitting 1.000 Hz | 2 sessions | |||||
McKune et al., 2017 [46] | 58 | Suunto t6 chest belt | 300 NN intervals | Multimodal (endurance, resistance & balance) | no | 7 | 18.5 |
Age: 71.8 | n.r. | 12 weeks | |||||
44 women, 14 men | sitting n.r. | 2 or 3 sessions | |||||
Rezende Barbosa et al., 2019 [60] | 39 | Polar RS 800 chest belt | 1.000 NN intervals | Multimodal (resistance, coordination, balance, agility & walking) | yes | 9.5 | 20 |
Age: 59.2 | n.r. | 18 weeks | |||||
100% women | supine n.r. | 3 sessions | |||||
Rossi et al., 2013 [61] | 17 | Polar s810i chest belt | 256 NN intervals | Multimodal (endurance & resistance) | yes | 4.5 | 18 |
Age: 60.8 ± 6.2 | spontaneous | 16 weeks | |||||
100% women | supine n.r. | 3 sessions | |||||
Verheyden et al., 2006 [62] | 29 | ECG | 10 min | Multimodal (endurance & resistance) | yes | 10.5 | 19,5 |
Age: 63.3 | spontaneous | 12 months | |||||
100% men | standing & supine 1.000 Hz | 2–3 sessions | |||||