Effects of different exercise interventions on heart rate variability and cardiovascular health factors in older adults: a systematic review

Grässler, Bernhard; Thielmann, Beatrice; Böckelmann, Irina; Hökelmann, Anita

doi:10.1186/s11556-021-00278-6

European Review of Aging and Physical Activity

Table 3 Outcome of selected heart rate related variables and secondary health factors

From: Effects of different exercise interventions on heart rate variability and cardiovascular health factors in older adults: a systematic review

Outcome heart rate related variables
Author, year	Analysis	RHR	mRR	(ln) SDNN	(ln) RMSSD	(ln) HF (nu)	(ln) LF (nu)	LF/HF	(ln) TP	SD1	SD2
Endurance training
Albinet et al., 2016 [56]	Group x session interaction				↑	↑	↔
	Within				↑	↑	↔
Albinet et al., 2010 [5]	Group x session interaction			↑	↑	↑	↔
Okazaki et al., 2005 [57]	Within	↔		↑		↔	↔
Wanderley et al., 2013 [22]	Within	↓		↔		↔
Resistance training
Gerage et al., 2013 [58]	Within	↔	↔	↔	↔	↔	↔	↔		↔	↔
Kanegusuku et al., 2015 [18]	Within	↔				↔	↔	↔
Wanderley et al., 2013 [22]	Within	↔		↔		↔
Coordinative training
Audette et al., 2006 [21]	Within					↑	↓	↔
Varas-Diaz et al., 2020 [20]	Within				↑	↑		↔
Multimodal training
Eggenberger et al., 2020 [59]	Within (assessed from graphics)			DG, MG & TG: ↔	DG, MG & TG: ↔	DG, MG & TG: ↔
	Between			DG & MG vs. TG: ↑; DG vs. MG: ↑	DG & MG vs. TG: ↔; DG vs. MG: ↑	DG vs. MG: ↑
McKune et al., 2017 [46]	Within	2TG: ↘; 3TG: ↔			2TG: ↔; 3TG: ↓	2TG: ↔; 3TG: ↓	2TG: ↔; 3TG: ↓	2TG & 3TG: ↔	2TG: ↔; 3TG: ↓
Rezende Barbosa et al., 2019 [60]	Between	↓	↑	↔	↑	↔	↑
Rossi et al., 2013 [61]	Within	↓	↑	↔	↑	↑	↔ (LF); ↓ (LF nu)	↓
Verheyden et al., 2006 [62]	Within		standing & supine: ↔			standing & supine: ↔	standing & supine: ↔	Standing & supine: ↔	standing & supine: ↔
Outcome secondary health factors
Author, year	Analysis	BF	BM	BMI	BP	BR	CO	SV	TPR	VO₂ max or peak	6-MWT
Endurance training
Albinet et al., 2016 [56]	Group x session interaction									↑
Okazaki et al., 2005 [57]	Within		↓		↓ (DBP); ↘ (SBP)	↔	↔	↑	↓	↑
Wanderley et al., 2013 [22]	Within	↓		↔	↓						↑
Resistance training
Gerage et al., 2013 [58]	Within	↔	↔	↔	↔ (DBP & MBP); ↓ (SBP)
Kanegusuku et al., 2015 [18]	Within				↔	↔
Wanderley et al., 2013 [22]	Within	↓		↔	↔						↔
Coordinative training
Audette et al., 2006 [21]	Within									↑
Varas-Diaz et al., 2020 [20]	Within									↑	↑
Multimodal training
McKune et al., 2017 [46]	Within		2TG & 3TG: ↔	2TG & 3TG: ↔	2TG: ↓; 3TG: ↓ (DBP), ↔ (SBP)
Rezende Barbosa et al., 2019 [60]					↓
Verheyden et al., 2006 [62]					↔					↑

BF, body fat; BM, body mass; BMI, body mass index; BR, baroreflex sensitivity; CO, cardiac output; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DG, dancing group; HF (nu), power in high frequency range (in normalized units); LF (nu), power in low frequency range (in normalized units); ln, natural logarithm; MBP, mean blood pressure; MG, memory training group; mRR, mean RR interval; RHR, resting heart rate; RMSSD, square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent NN intervals; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SD1, standard deviation of instantaneous beat-to-beat variability, extracted from Poincaré Plot; SD2, standard deviation of the long-term variability, extracted from Poincaré Plot; SDNN, standard deviation of NN intervals; SV, stroke volume; TG, treadmill walking group; TP, total power; TPR, total peripheral resistance; VO₂ max, maximum oxygen consumption; VO₂ peak, peak oxygen consumption; 6-MWT, six minute walking test; 2TG: training group exercising two times per week; 3TG: training group exercising three times per week. ↑ indicates significant increase (p < 0.05); ↓ indicates significant decrease; ↔ indicates no significant change

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ISSN: 1861-6909

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